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STS > Chapter 1.1 > Flashcards

Chapter 1.1 Flashcards

1
Q

It is an evolving body of
knowledge that is based on theoretical expositions and
experimental and empirical activities that generates universal
truths.

A

science

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2
Q

meaning of scientia

A

knowledge

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3
Q

word for knowledge

A

scientia

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4
Q

science came from the word ____ with a meaning of _______

A

scientia
knowledge

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5
Q

It is the application of science and creation
of systems, processes and objects designed to help humans in their
daily activities.

A

technology

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6
Q

technology came from the word ____ with a meaning of _______

A

techne
art, skill or cunning of hand

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7
Q

techne means

A

art, skill, or cunning of hand

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8
Q

it means art, skill, or cunning of hands

A

techne

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9
Q

The human attempt to change the world… by
creating products that makes our life easier.

A

technology

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10
Q

It is the
sum total of our interactions as humans, including the interactions that we
engage in to understand the nature of things and to create things.

A

society

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11
Q

A large group of people who live together in an organized way,
making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to
be done.

A

society

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12
Q

society came from the word ____ with a meaning of _______

A

societas
a friendly association with others

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13
Q

It means a friendly association with others

A

societas

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14
Q

societas means

A

a friendly association with others

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15
Q

Process of acquiring
scientific knowledge

A

science

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16
Q

Application of
Scientific knowledge

for people

A

technology

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17
Q

Group of people who uses
technology & who are
studying science

A

society

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18
Q

It is an interdisciplinary course
designed to examine the ways that science and technology shape, and are shaped
by, our society, politics, and culture.

A

Science, Technology, and Society

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19
Q

It is important to the public because it helps
address issues and problems that are of concern to the general population.

A

Science, Technology, and Society

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20
Q

-seeks to bridge the gap between two traditionally exclusive culture-
humanities and natural sciences- so that human will be able to better confront the

moral, ethical, and existential dilemmas brought by the continued developments
in science and technology.

A

Science, Technology, and Society

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21
Q

To solve our contemporary problems, ______ needs to become more
multidisciplinary and its practitioners should continue to promote cooperation
and integration between the social and natural sciences.

A

science

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22
Q

Explores for
the purpose of
KNOWING.

A

science

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23
Q

Explores for the
purpose of making
something USEFUL
from that knowledge.

A

technology

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24
Q

Explores
SCIENCE &
TECHNOLOGY
for a better life.

A

society

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25
Q

The Roles of Science and Technology

A
  1. alter the way people live, connect, communicate and transact, with
    profound effects on economic development;
  2. key drivers to development, because technological and scientific
    revolutions underpin economic advances, improvements in health
    systems, education and infrastructure;
  3. The technological revolutions of the 21st century are emerging from
    entirely new sectors, based on micro-processors, tele-communications,
    bio-technology and nano-technology.
  4. have the power to better the lives of poor people in developing countries
  5. differentiators between countries that are able to tackle poverty
    effectively by growing and developing their economies, and those that are
    not.
  6. engine of growth
  7. interventions for cognitive enhancement, proton cancer therapy and
    genetic engineering
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26
Q

Science during ancient times involved practical arts like _______ and ________E

A

healing practices
metal tradition

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27
Q

Some of the earliest records from history indicate that
3,000 years before Christ, the ancient _________ already had reasonably
sophisticated medical practices.

A

Egyptians

28
Q

A man named ____________ was renowned for his knowledge of medicine.

A

Imhotep

29
Q

Most historians agree that the heart of Egyptian medicine was ______

A

trial and error

30
Q

The Egyptian medicine was considered advanced as compared with other
ancient nations because of one of the early inventions of Egyptian civilization –
the ____________.

A

papyrus

31
Q

Before papyrus, Egyptians, Sumerians, and other races wrote on _____________

A

clay tablets or smooth rocks

32
Q

Around the time that papyrus was first being used in Egypt, the
Mesopotamians were making pottery using the first known ____________.

A

potter’s wheel

33
Q

Not long after the potter’s wheel, _________were being used.

A

horse-drawn chariots

34
Q

As early as 1,000 years before Christ, the Chinese were using ________ to aid themselves in their travels.

A

compasses

35
Q

they were the first true scientists

A

ancient Greek

36
Q

This period produced substantial advances in scientific knowledge,
especially in anatomy, zoology, botany, mineralogy, geography, mathematics and
astronomy;

A

the advent of science

37
Q

It was a period of cultural, economic and scientific
flourishing in the history of Islam, traditionally dated from the eighth century to the
fourteenth century, with several contemporary scholars dating the end of the era to
the fifteenth or sixteenth century.

A

Islamic Golden Age

38
Q

Islamic Golden Age is traditionally understood to have
begun during the reign of the ____________(786 to 809) with the
inauguration of the House of Wisdom in Baghdad, where scholars from various
parts of the world with different cultural backgrounds were mandated to gather and
translate all of the world’s classical knowledge into the Arabic language and
subsequently development in various fields of sciences began.

A

Abbasid caliph Harun al-Rashid

39
Q

Astronomy was useful in determining the ________, which is the direction in which to pray,

A

Qibla

40
Q

It is applied in agriculture and geography enabled scientists to make accurate maps.

A

botany

41
Q

Mathematics also flourished during the Islamic
Golden Age with the works of
(3 people) that
led to advanced in algebra, trigonometry, geometry and Arabic numerals.

A

Al-Khwarizmi, Avicenna and Jamshid al Kashi

42
Q

They produced books that contain descriptions of the
preparation of hundred of drugs made from medicinal plants and chemical
compounds.

A

Al-Biruni, and Avicenna

43
Q

Islamic physicists such as__________and others studied
optics and mechanics as well as astronomy, and criticized Aristotle’s view of
motion.

A

Ibn Al-Haytham, Al-Biruni

44
Q

Ancient China gave the world the Four Great Inventions that
include the__________________

A

compass, gunpowder, papermaking and printing.

45
Q

As stated by Karl Marx, “Gunpowder, the compass, and the printing
press were the three great inventions which ushered in ______society.

A

bourgeois

46
Q

The 14th century was the beginning of the cultural movement of the
Renaissance, which was considered by many as the ________________.

A

Golden Age of Science

47
Q

The rediscovery of ancient scientific texts was accelerated after the
_____________ in 1453, and the invention of printing democratized
learning and allowed a faster propagation of new ideas.

A

Fall of Constantinople

48
Q

___________ coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the
early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450–1630.

A

Marie Boas Hall

49
Q

He has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science:

A

peter dear

50
Q

two-phase model of early modern science:
(1)focused on the restoration of the
natural knowledge of the ancients
(2) when scientists shifted from recovery to innovation.

A

1.Scientific Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries,
2. Scientific Revolution of the 17th century,

51
Q

The most important technological advance of all in this period was the
development of _________, with movable metal type, about the mid-15th century in
Germany.

A

printing

52
Q

_________ on wood came to the West from China between 1250 and 1350, papermaking came from China by way of the Arabs to 12th-century Spain,
whereas the ________ of oil painting was the origin of the new printers’ ink.

A

Block printing
Flemish technique

53
Q

Three men of Mainz—_________ and his contemporaries ________and __________—seem to have taken the final steps, casting metal type and locking it into a
wooden press. The invention spread like the wind, reaching Italy by 1467, Hungary and
Poland in the 1470s,and Scandinavia by 1483.

A

Gutenberg
Johann Fust
Peter Schöffer

54
Q

This period was characterized
by radical reorientation in science, which emphasized reason over
superstition and science over blind faith. This period produced numerous
books, essays, inventions, scientific discoveries, laws, wars and revolutions

A

The Enlightenment Period or the Age of Reason

55
Q

The Enlightenment’s important 17th-century precursors included the
key natural philosophers of the Scientific Revolution, including _____, ______, and __________.

A

Galileo Galilei,
Johannes Kepler and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz.

56
Q

Isaac Newton published his
“__________” (1686) and John Locke his “____________” (1689)—two works that provided the scientific, mathematical
and philosophical toolkit for the Enlightenment’s major advances.

A

Principia Mathematica
Essay Concerning Human Understanding

57
Q

The ___________ permitted the tailoring of alloy steels to
industrial specifications, the science of chemistry permitted the creation of new
substances, like the aniline dyes, of fundamental industrial importance, and that
electricity and magnetism were harnessed in the electric dynamo and motor.

A

science of metallurgy

58
Q

It was the ______ that posed the problems that led, by way of a search for a theory of steam power, to the creation of thermodynamics.

A

steam engine

59
Q

The main features involved in the Industrial Revolution were _____,____________, and ___________

A

technological, socioeconomic, and cultural.

60
Q

The start of the 20th century was strongly marked by Einstein’s formulation of the theory of relativity (____) including the unifying concept of
energy related to mass and the speed of light: _______.

A

1905
E = mc2

61
Q

In 20th Century, there was the development of the _________ (transistor), followed by developments in __________that led to great advances in information technology.

A

semi-conductor
nanotechnology

62
Q

__________ grew in the 20th into a primary discipline contributing to all today’s basic natural sciences,astronomy,chemistry and biology.

A

Modern physics

63
Q

Biology too, with the discovery of _________ and the development of ___________,
allows us to penetrate the fundamental processes of life and to intervene in the
gene pool of certain organisms by imitating some of these natural mechanisms.

A

DNA
genetics

64
Q

It is a way of describing the blurring of
boundaries between the physical, digital, and biological worlds.

A

Fourth Industrial Revolution

65
Q

It’s a fusion of
advances in artificial intelligence (AI), robotics, the Internet of Things
(IoT), 3D printing, genetic engineering, quantum computing, and
other technologies. It’s the collective force behind many products and
services that are fast becoming indispensable to modern life. Think GPS systems
that suggest the fastest route to a destination.

A

Fourth Industrial Revolution

66
Q

Historical Antecedents in order

A

From Ancient Times to 600 BC
The Advent of Science (600 BC to 500 AD)
Islamic Golden Age
Science and Technology in Ancient China
The Renaissance (1300 AD- 1600AD)
Enlightenment Period (1715 AD to 1789 AD)
Industrial Revolution (1760- 1840)
20th Century Science: Physics and Information Age
Science and Technology in the Fourth Industrial Revolution

STS (2 decks)

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