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Psychology 100-60 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

how do we often see the medical system traditionally?

A
  • looked only specifically through the ABSENCE OF DISEASE
  • only really focused on actual MEDICAL TREATMENTS/DRUGS
  • patients are PASSIVE RECIPIENTS of disease
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2
Q

definition of WELL-BEING + HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY

A

WELL-BEING:
- a positive state that includes striving for optimal health and satisfaction
- involves the individual to play a MORE ACTIVE ROLE
HEALTH PSYCHOLOGY:
a field that INTEGRATES research on health and on psychology; involves the application of psychological principles to promote health and well-being

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3
Q

what is the biopsychosocial model?

A
  • a model in which health and illness result from a combination of
    BIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, & SOCIAL FACTORS
  • differentiates from the traditional medical model/biomedical model of health
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4
Q

what are some disparities we can come across when it comes to our health?

A

we can have;
- RACIAL DISPARITIES
- LIFESTYLE DISPARITIES

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5
Q

what are some racial disparities?

A
  • different cases of health when it comes to different ethic races
    ex. black vs. white americans
  • greater susceptibility to certain diseases
  • lack of access to affordable health care
  • cultural factors of diet habits
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6
Q

what are some lifestyle disparities?

A
  • ways of transport in different countries (ex. walking or riding a bike)
  • the Western lifestyle
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7
Q

definition of OBESITY

A

a level of excessive body fat for an individual that places that person at risk for health problems

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8
Q

definition of BODY MASS INDEX

A

way to determine obesity—compares an individual’s weight to their height
- not really useful at an INDIVIDUAL LEVEL
(doesn’t consider other factors like age, sex, bone structure etc…)

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9
Q

what causes obesity?

A
  • has various factors to consider;
    1. OVEREATING
  • greater number of CALORIES being consumed rather than actual food
  • greater number of processed foods
  • greater availability of different food
  • greater portions of food
    2. SOCIAL + GENETIC INFLUENCES
  • can be socially contagious
  • obesity runs in the family
  • their environment determines as such, not soley on genetics
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10
Q

what’s the stigma around obesity?

A

lot of widespread shame surrounding the topic
- tend to avoid physicians who LECTURE about body weight
- some physicians have NEGATIVE ATTITUDE about patient being overweight

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11
Q

explain issues with restrictive dieting.

A
  • dieting can eventually REGAIN WEIGHT
  • BODY WEIGHT is regulated by a specific SET POINT + influenced by GENETIC INFLUENCE
  • can slow down metabolism + use less energy
  • “yo-yo dieting”: weight gain occurs even FASTER after weight loss/risk of bingeing
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12
Q

why is exercise so important?

A

it can help your body and benefit you PHYSICALLY, COGNITIVELY, and EMOTIONALLY

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13
Q

how does exercise improve physical health?

A
  • MORE EXERCISE = LOWER RISK of cacners, heart problems etc…
  • use of AEROBIC EXERCISE:
    increase heart rate, lowers BP, and strengthens heart and lungs
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14
Q

how does exercise aid your thinking abilities?

A
  • improves one’s COGNITION + MEMORY
  • enhances brain memory formation areas
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15
Q

how does exercise benefit your emotions + mood?

A
  • builds greater SELF-CONFIDENCE
  • gets your NEUROTRANSMITTER SYSTEMS involved in reward, motivation, and emotion
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16
Q

definition of STIS

A
  • known as SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS
  • sexual contact and transmission of bacteria, virus, or parasite that causes infection
  • can be treated quite fairly or no long term negative imapct
17
Q

how to avoid STIS/have safer sex?

A
  • ABSTAIN!!!!!!!!
  • get info about your/partner’s sexual health
  • recieve vaccinations against HPV
  • barrier methods; condoms, female condoms, dental dams
18
Q

dangers of smoking

A
  • causes many health problems from heart disease, cancers, lung disease
  • many begin during childhood
  • addicted to the active drug of NICOTINE –can carry bad withdrawal symptoms
19
Q

dangers of vaping

A
  • doesn’t have tobacco
  • greater amount seen in teens; creates greater susceptibility to cigarettes
  • can cause serious lung injury
20
Q

how to quit smoking?

A
  • use specific prescription meds to reduce cravings (ex. drug Chantix)
  • nicotine replacement methods
    (nicotine gum, patches etc…)
21
Q

definition of STRESS

A
  • the set of behavioral, mental, and physical processes that occur as an organism attempts to deal with an environmental event or stimulus that it perceives as threatening
  • has THREE COMPONENTS:
  • STRESSOR
  • STRESSOR RESPONSES
  • MEDIATING FACTORS
22
Q

definition of STRESSOR

A

an environmental event or a stimulus that an organism perceives as threatening

23
Q

definition of STRESS RESPONSE + EUSTRESS + DISTRESS

A

behavioral, mental, and/or physical responses to stressors

  • EUSTRESS
    the stress of positive events
  • DISTRESS
    the stress of negative events
24
Q

definition of MEDIATING FACTORS

A

can increase or decrease the likelihood that a stressor will elicit a stress response

25
Q

what are our TWO TYPES OF STRESSORS?

A
  1. MAJOR LIFE STRESSORS
    - large disruptions that are typically unpredictable and uncontrollable events
    - typically out of your control
  2. DAILY HASSLES
    - everyday irritations that cause small disruptions and can have effects that can add up to a large impact on health
26
Q

what is GAS?

A
  • known as GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME
    a consistent pattern of physical responses to stress that consists of three stages; alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
27
Q

what are the stages of GAS?

A
  1. ALARM STAGE
    - emergency reaction of the body; immediate bodily responses (fight-or-flight response)
    - The immune system activates for protection to fight or run away
  2. RESISTANCE STAGE
    - stress can go longer than a temporary frightening experience
    - preparation for a longer and more sustained attack vs. a stressor
    - defenses maximized
  3. EXHAUSTION STAGE
    - body’s ability to respond to stress begins to decline
    - immune system begins to fail
    - more susceptibility
28
Q

fight or flight response

A
  • the physiological preparedness to deal with danger
    • boosts physical abilities while reducing activities that make the organism vulnerable
29
Q

tend-and-befriend response

A
  • females’ tendency to respond to stressors by protecting and caring for their offspring and forming social alliances
  • may be more of an effective means vs. trying to flee with offspring
30
Q

how can stress and negative emotions increase risk of heart disease?

A
  1. bad coping mechanisms
  2. wear and tear of the heart
    - overstimulation of the sympathetic nervous sys.
31
Q

Type A vs. Type B Behvaiors

A

TYPE A
a set of characteristics describing people who are competitive, achievement-oriented, aggressive, hostile, restless, impatient with others, and unable to relax

**a strong predictor of heart disease/more likely to develop heart disease

TYPE B
a set of characteristics describing people who are noncompetitive, relaxed, easygoing, and accommodating

32
Q

what is the TWO-PART APPRAISAL PROCESS?

A
  • PRIMARY APPRAISALS:
    • decisions about whether a stimulus is stressful or not
    • is it something to stress about, or is it irrelevant?
  • SECONDARY APPRAISALS:
    • decisions about how to manage and respond to a stressful stimulus
33
Q

what are the TWO TYPES OF COPING?

A

**EMOTION-FOCUSED COPING:
- a type of coping in which people try to prevent having an emotional response to a stressor
- basically trying to “numb” the pain
- avoidance, distancing yourself, stress eating etc…
**PROBLEM-FOCUSED COPING:
- a type of coping in which people take direct steps to confront or minimize a stressor
- trying to solve the problem head-front
- alternative solutions, tutoring, asking questions/help
**DOWNWARD COMPARISON:
- recognizing your situation isn’t as bad as someone else’s

*giving positive meaning to ordinary events

Psychology 100-60 (3 decks)

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