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Anatomy & Physiology > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are included in the Nervous System?

A

Brain, Spinal cord, Nerves, Sensory Receptors

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2
Q

What are the functions of the Nervous System?

A

regulate and synchronize body to maintain homestasis

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3
Q

What two types of cells are found in the Nervous System?

A

Neurons & Glial Cells

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4
Q

What are Neurons?

A

excitable cells of nervous system

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5
Q

What are glial cells?

A

cells that support neurons

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6
Q

Glial Cells and Neurons work together to…

A
  • maintain homeostasis
  • control muscles & glands
  • receive sensory input/detect stimuli
  • process/act on info recieved
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7
Q

What are the three parts to a neuron?

A
  1. neuron cell body
  2. dendrites
  3. single axon
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8
Q

Axon

A

long extensions from cell body where neuron sends electrical signal to other cells

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9
Q

Nerve

A

bundle of axons outside brain & spinal cord

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10
Q

cranial nerves

A

nerves from brain

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11
Q

spinal nerves

A

nerves from spinal cord

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12
Q

ganglia

A

some neurons group tg outside brain & spinal cord

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13
Q

plexus

A

bundle of nerves outside brain & spinal cord

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14
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Nervous System?

A
  • Central Nervous System (CNS)
  • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
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15
Q

What is the CNS (central nervous system)

A
  • receives info from and sends info to body (decision maker)
  • made up of brain & spinal cord
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16
Q

What is the PNS (peripheral nervous system)

A
  • detects stimuli in & around body, sends to CNS (messenger)
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17
Q

PNS

A
  • made up of receptors, ganglia, nerves, plexus
  • sensory division
  • motor division
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18
Q

Sensory Division of PNS

A
  • afferent (toward CNS)
  • light, sound, taste, smell. temp, touch, pain, pressure
  • location: around body (muscles, skin, joints, eyes)
  • detects info & sends to CNS via nerves
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19
Q

Motor Division of PNS

A
  • efferent (away from CNS)
  • movement, changes in metabolism, heart rate, breathing rate
  • 2 branches
    - somatic
    - autonomic
20
Q

Somatic Branch of PNS

A
  • voluntary control
  • skeletal muscles
  • stimulates contractions
21
Q

Autonomic Branch of PNS

A
  • involuntary control
  • 2 subdivisions
    - sympathetic subdivision
    - parasympathetic subdivision
22
Q

Sympathetic Subdivision of Autonomic Branch

A
  • readies body for Physical Activity –> fight or flight
23
Q

Parasympathetic Subdivision of Autonomic Branch

A
  • regulates resting functions –> rest & digest
24
Q

What are the 3 parts to a neuron?

A
  1. cell body
  2. dendrites
  3. single axon
25
Q

What are the 3 types of Neurons

A
  1. sensory neurons
  2. motor neurons
  3. interneurons
26
Q

sensory neurons

A

afferent neuron –> conducts AP toward CNS

27
Q

motor neurons

A

efferent neurons –> conduct AP away from CNS
- pushes AP toward muscles or glands

28
Q

Interneurons

A

conduct AP in CNS from one neuron to another

29
Q

What are the 4 types of neuron structures?

A
  • multipolar
  • psudeo-unipolar
  • bipolar
  • anaxonic
30
Q

Multipolar Neuron

A

many dendrites & single axon
ex. motor neurons of CNS and most neurons in PNS are multipolar

31
Q

Bipolar Neurons

A

2 processes
- 1 dendrite
- 1 axon
ex. in some sensory organs

32
Q

Pseudo-unipolar neurons

A

forms 2 branches from cell body which become an axon

33
Q

anaxonic neurons

A

only have dendrites –> communicate w graded potentials
ex. in brain and retina

34
Q

What are the 4 types of Glial Cells for CNS?

A
  1. astrocytes
  2. ependymal cells
  3. microglia
  4. oligodendrocytes
35
Q

astrocytes

A
  • help regulate blood flow through body
  • help regulate extracellular fluid in brain
  • establishes blood brain barrier
  • star-shaped
  • help in CNS to block off wounds
36
Q

Ependymal Cells

A
  • line cavity of brain and central canal of spinal cord
  • help get rid of waste in body
37
Q

Microglia

A
  • immune cells
  • ingest foreign substances in body (phagocytosis)
38
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A
  • form insulation layer around axons
  • help form myelin sheath
39
Q

2 Types of Glial Cells for PNS

A
  1. satellite cells
  2. schwann cells
40
Q

Satellite Cells

A
  • provide nutrition for neuron cell bodies
  • absorb heavy metals to protect cells
41
Q

Schwann Cells

A
  • form myelin sheaths around ONE axon
42
Q

Myelinated Axons

A

schwann cells (PNS) or oligodendrocytes (CNS) wrap around axon
–> conduct electrical signals quicker than unmyelinated axon

43
Q

Unmyelinated Axons

A

have myelin but axons lay in the seams
* if myelin is damaged, AP is slowed

44
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A
  • gray matter : group of nerve cell bodies, dendrites, and neuroglial cells in CNS (darker)
  • white matter : bundles of parallel axons in CNS (lighter)
    - form nerve tracts

Anatomy & Physiology (10 decks)

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