Chapter 11 Flashcards
personality
the long-standing traits and patterns that propel individuals to consistently
think, feel, and behave in specific ways.
Sigmund Freud
Proposed that unconscious drives influenced by sex, aggression and childhood sexuality influence personality.
Neo-Freudians
Agreed that childhood experiences matter. Less emphasis on sex
Freudian slip
Freud suggested that slips of
the tongue (saying a word you did not intend to say) are sexual/aggressive urges accidently slipping out of our unconscious.
Id
Impulsive, wanting pleasure, narcissist,
Superego
Strives to be perfect
Ego
Balance superego and id, rational,
Denial
Refusing to accept real events because they are unpleasant.
Repression
Suppressing painful memories and thoughts.
Regression
Returning to coping strategies for less mature stages of development.
Inferiority complex
A person’s feelings that they lack worth and don’t measure up to the standards of others or of society. (Alfred Adler)
Erik Erikson
Believes our personality changes throughout our whole life spam.
carl Jung
Introverts and extroverts balance between both.
Karen Horney
3 styles of coping used by children to relieve anxiety.
Moving towards people
Affiliation and dependence
Moving against people
Aggression and assertiveness
Moving away from people
Detachment and isolation
THE BEHAVIORAL PERSPECTIVE
Learning approaches to personality focus on observable, measurable phenomena.
Skinner
We learn to behave in particular ways, Personality develops over our entire life.
Alfred Adler
Theorized that birth orders shapes our personality.
Internal locus of control
tend to believe that most of our outcomes are the direct
result of our efforts.
external locus of control
tend to believe that our outcomes are outside of our control. Believe lives are controlled by other people, luck, or chance.
Ideal self
the person you like to be.
Real self
the person you actually are.
incongruence
maladjustment.
High congruence
greater sense of self-worth and a health, productive life.
Trait theorists
Believe that people have certain traits (characteristics or ways of behaving). For example, optimistic or pessimistic, sociable or shy
Hans and Sybil Eysenck
Focused on
temperament and believed that our personality.
traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance.
High in neuroticism
anxious, overactive
sympathetic nervous system.
High in stability
more emotionally stable.
The hexaco traits
Honesty-humility, emotionality, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness.
MMPI
scored on 10 scales
Rorschach Inkblot Test
individual interprets a series of symmetrical inkblot cards,
revealing unconscious feelings and struggles.
