Chapter 10 Flashcards
Intrinsic motivation
Arises from internal factors. Behaviors are performed because they bring a sense of personal satisfaction.
Extrinsic motivation
Arises from external factors. Behaviors are performed in order to receive something from others.
Overjustification effect
intrinsic motivation is diminished when extrinsic motivation is given. Musician performing is less passionate because he is being told what to play and being paid.
Expectation of extrinsic reward
intrinsic motivation is more likely to decrease if extrinsic reward is expected.
Arousal theory of motivation
There is an optimal level of arousal that we all try to maintain.
Underaroused
Become bored, seek stimulation.
Overaroused
Engage in behaviors to reduce arousal.
Yerkes-Dodson Law
task performance is best when arousal levels are in a middle range, with difficult tasks best performed under lower levels of arousal and simple tasks best performed under higher levels of arousal. (Parallel park)
Self-efficacy
an individual’s belief in her own capability to complete a task.
Need for achievement
drives accomplishment and performance.
Need for affiliation
encourages positive interactions with others
Need for intimacy
causes us to seek deep, meaningful relationships.
Metabolic Rate
the amount of energy that is expended in a given period of time. People with a high metabolic rate burn off calories more easily than those with lower rates
of metabolism.
self-point theory
each individual has an ideal body weight/set point, which is resistant to change. (Bariatric Surgery)
Bulimia nervosa
Involves engaging in binge eating behavior, followed by attempts to compensate for the large amount of food consumed. (Wrestling)
Anorexia nervosa
Maintenance of body weight below average through starvation and/or exercise. (Models, gymnastics)
Binge Eating Disorder
Frequently consuming an unusually large amounts of food in one sitting and feeling that eating behavior is out of control.
Kinsey’s research
Influential in shaping future research on human sexual behavior and motivation.
MASTERS AND JOHNSON’S RESEARCH
Observed people engaging in sexual behaviors. Measured sexual arousal.
Excitement
arousal phase (erection,
lubrication).
Plateau
Increased swelling and blood
flow, pre-ejaculatory fluid.
Orgasm
rhythmic contractions,
ejaculation.
Resolution
return to unaroused state.
Sexual Orientation
emotional and erotic
attraction toward another individual.
Mood
Prolonged, less intense, affective state.
Emotion
A subjective state of being that we often use to describe our feelings.
Facial Feedback Hypothesis
facial expressions are capable of influencing our emotions.
