Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy & Physiology 1, Exam 3 > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

Three Functions of the Nervous System

A

Sensory, Motor, Processing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Two principle parts of the nervous system

A

CNS, PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

There are __ cranial nerves

A

12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

There are __ pairs of spinal nerves

A

31

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The central nervous system consists of the _______

A

Brain and Spinal Cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The peripheral nervous system consists of the _______

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The peripheral nervous system is split into ________ and ___________

A

Afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Somatic and Visceral send info ______ from the CNS to _________

A

Away, Skeletal muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The Autonomic Nervous system consists of the ________ and ________ divisions

A

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Two types of nervous tissue cells are

A

Neuroglia and Neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Four main neuroglia cells of the CNS are _________

A

Astrocytes, Microglial cells, Ependymal cells, Oligodendrocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Astrocytes are the _____ ________ CNS neuroglia

A

Most abundant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Microglial cells are small, ovoid cells with thorny processes that _____ and _____ neurons.

A

Touch and monitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Ependymal cells line ________ fluid-filled cavities

A

Cerebrospinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Oligodendrocytes are branched cells. Their processes wrap ___ ______ and form insulating ______ _______

A

CNS nerve fibers, myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Two main neuroglia of the PNS are _______ and _________

A

Satellite and Schwann Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The function of satellite cells is to ________

A

Surround neuron cell bodies in the PNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The function of Schwann cells is to ______

A

Surround all peripheral nerve fibers and form myelin sheaths in thicker nerve fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Six components of the nerve cell

A

Dendrites, Body, Axons, Axon Hillock, Myelin Sheath, Schwann Cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Dendrites are the ________ _________ of a neuron

A

Receptive region of neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Axons are the _______ _______ of a neuron

A

Conducting region of a neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Myelin sheaths function is ________

A

Protect and electrically insulate an axon as well as increase speed of nerve impulse transmission

23
Q

A ganglia is a _______

A

Cluster of neuron cell bodies in the PNS

24
Q

Myelinated fibers are much _______ than unmyelinated fibers

A

Faster

25
Q

Motor neurons look way bigger than ______

A

sensory neurons

26
Q

Multipolar neurons have _______ or more processes, most common and major neuron type in CNS

A

Three

27
Q

Bipolar neurons have ____ processes consisting of ______ and ________. They are _______

A

Two (one axon, one dendrite). Rare

28
Q

Unipolar neurons have one _____ process consisting of two _____

A

T-like, Axons.

29
Q

Sensory neurons transmit ______ the CNS

A

Toward

30
Q

Motor neurons transmit _____ the CNS

A

Away from

31
Q

Interneurons lie between ______ and ______. They shuttle signals through CNS ______ and are mostly entirely within the _______

A

Motor and sensory. Pathways. CNS.

32
Q

Neurons have _____ energy. Opposite charges are _______. Highly ______

A

Potential. Attracted. Excitable

33
Q

Ohm’s Law is ______

A

Current = Voltage / Resistance (I = V/R)

34
Q

Resistance is defined as a __________

A

Hindrance to charge flow

35
Q

Current is a flow of _________

A

Electrical charge between two points

36
Q

Two main types of ion channels are

A

Leakage (nongated, always open) and Gated channels.

37
Q

The three types of gated channels

A

Chemically (ligand) gated, Voltage-gated, Mechanically gated.

38
Q

Chemically gated channels open only ___________

A

With the binding of a specific chemical (e.g. a neurotransmitter)

39
Q

Voltage-gated channels ____________

A

Open and close in response to changes in membrane potential

40
Q

Mechanically gated channels ______

A

Open and close in response to physical deformation of receptors

41
Q

Resting membrane potential is approximately -70mV and can vary between

A

-40 to -90 mV.

42
Q

What happens during depolarization

A

Sodium channels open and sodium rushes into the cell

43
Q

What happens during repolarization

A

Potassium channels open and potassium rushes out of the cell

44
Q

What happens during hyperpolarization

A

Some K+ channels remain open, allowing excess K+ efflux inside of membrane. Becomes more negative

45
Q

After repolarization what happens

A

Sodium and Potassium pumps restore ionic conditions

46
Q

What is the “all or none”

A

Action potential either happens completely, or does not happen at all

47
Q

Continuous conduction is _____

A

Slow conduction that occurs in nonmyelinated axons

48
Q

Saltatory conduction occurs only in _______ axons and is about __ times faster

A

Myelinated. 30.

49
Q

A synapse is a _______

A

Junction that mediates information transfer

50
Q

Presynaptic neurons conduct impulses ______ synapse

A

Toward

51
Q

Postsynaptic neurons transmit electrical signals _____ from synapse

A

Away

52
Q

EPSP (Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential)

A

Brings the neuron closer to AP threshold. Neurotransmitter binding opens chemically gated ion channels, allows Na+ and K+ to pass simultaneously with Na+ influx greater than K+ efflux.

53
Q

Temporal Summation

A

One or more presynaptic neurons transmit impulses in rapid-fire order. First impulse produces EPSP, before it dissipates another EPSP is triggered, stacking on top of eachother.

54
Q

Spatial Summation

A

Postsynaptic neuron is stimulated by large number of terminals simultaneously. Many receptors are activated, each produce EPSP’s, which can then add together.

Anatomy & Physiology 1, Exam 3 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions