Chapter 11 Flashcards
What is ‘Population growth’?
An increase in the number of people who reside in a country
What is Population growth rate’?
the rate at which the size of the population increases
What is a cencus?
the official counting of the population on a regular basis
Population in SA
60.6 mill
Birth rate
The number of live births per 1000 per year.
Death rate
The number of deaths per 1000 per year.
Immigration
The number of people moving into the country.
Emigration
The number of people leaving the country of origin.
Fertility rate
The average number of children born alive to a woman in her child
baring (reproductive) years
Where is Fertility is usually higher
Rural regoins
High birth rates are associated
with
poverty and lack of access to education.
High birth rates puts
high pressure on provision of social services and resources
Natural growth rate
the difference between the birth rate and the death rate of the population.
What is PROJECTED GROWTH RATES used for?
For planning resources, infrastructure, education, health care
Most current projections for SA show declining growth rates, expected to continue
The effect?
Loss of economically active members of households leads to loss of income and social problems
POPULATION GROWTH OF SA?
Key contributors of this trend are a drop in birth rates &
spread of HIV/AIDS (recently Covid-19)
Lower birth rate, due to:
Economic growth
Urbanisation
Empowerment of women (ito. education, family
planning)
Access to jobs
Mortality rates (death rates):
Up to 1990s was declining due to improved diet, healthcare & clean water
what is a population pyramid?
A population pyramid (an age structure diagram) is a graphical illustration that shows the distribution of various age groups in a population.
THE DEMOGRAPHIC CYCLE
By making a scientific analysis of the history of population growth, a cycle has been identified which shows changes in the natural population of a country over time.
Migration
the movement of people between countries, regions and areas
Circular migration
when the usual place of residence
remains in rural areas, travel for work/study
Factors impacting population growth
Emigration, immigration, fertility and mortality rates
Foreigners enter SA as:
Immigrants (permanent residents)
Migrants (temporary residents / contract workers)
Illegal immigrants [SA: estimated at 8million]
Asylum seekers - An asylum seeker is a person who has left their country and is seeking protection from persecution and serious human rights violations in another country, but who hasn’t yet been legally recognized as a refugee and is waiting to receive a decision on their asylum claim
Working age population
Ages 15 - 64 years
The labour force participation rate is
the number of persons in the labour force as a percentage of the working-age population.
Economically active
population (EAP)(labour
force) -
The total number of people between the ages of 15 and 64 who are willing and able to work
Labour force participation rate sum
economically active population (EAP) ÷ working age population (15-64) X 100
UNEMPLOYMENT
An unemployed person is someone between the ages of 15-64, who is able
and is looking for work but cannot find work or become self-employed
Urbanisation
people moving from the rural to urban areas
Projected growth rate use?
the further predict and forecast the size of the population in the future
Unkown factors of Projected growth rates
HIV/Aids
migration
