Chapter 11

Question 1

___ is only complete when the ____ are shared with the scientific community.
-APA

Answer 1

Research, results

Question 2

How is best to think about APA style?

Answer 2

APA style is best thought of as a “genre” of writing that is appropriate for presenting the results of psychological research—especially in academic and professional contexts. It is not synonymous with “good writing” in general.

Question 3

Part of being a good ___ in general is adopting a ___ that is appropriate to the ___ task at hand, and for ____ about psychological research, this is APA style.

Answer 3

writer, style, writing, writing

Question 4

What are the 3 levels of APA style?

Answer 4

The first is the overall organization of an article.

High-level style: Guidelines in the APA Publication Manual for the clear expression of ideas, including writing that is formal, straightforward, and avoids biased language.

Low-level style: includes all the specific guidelines pertaining to spelling, grammar, references and reference citations, numbers and statistics, figures and tables, and so on.

Question 5

Things to consider when using labels:

Answer 5

-Avoid biased language
-Be sensitive and avoid negative labels
-Put the person first
-Be specific
-Avoid objectifying the research participant

Question 6

COMMON errors types

Answer 6

1. Use of numbers - Failing to use numerals for 10 and above
2. Hyphenation - Failing to hyphenate compound adjectives that precede a noun (e.g., “role playing technique” should be “role-playing technique”)
3. Use of et al. - Failing to use it after a reference is cited for the first time
4. Headings Not capitalizing headings correctly
5. Use of since - Using since to mean because
6. Tables and figures - Not formatting them in APA style; repeating information that is already given in the text
7. Use of commas - Failing to use a comma before and or or in a series of three or more elements
8. Use of abbreviations - Failing to spell out a term completely before introducing an abbreviation for it
9. Spacing - Not consistently double-spacing between lines
10. Use of “&” in references - Using & in the text or and in parentheses

Question 7

Journal Reference format

Answer 7

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of article. Title of Journal, volume(issue), pp–pp. doi:xx.xxxxxxxxxx

Question 8

Book reference format

Answer 8

Author, A. A. (year). Title of book. Location: Publisher.

Question 9

Book chapter reference format

Answer 9

Author, A. A., Author, B. B., & Author, C. C. (year). Title of chapter. In A. A. Editor, B. B. Editor, & C. C. Editor (Eds.), Title of book (pp. xxx–xxx). Location: Publisher.

Question 10

when in doubt ABOUT ASSUMING COMMON KNOWLEDGE:

Answer 10

find an appropriate reference to cite or remove the questionable assertion.

Question 11

In some areas of psychology, the titles of many _____ _____ ____ are informal in a way that is perhaps best described as “_____.” They usually take the form of a play on words or a well-known expression that relates to the _____ under study.

Answer 11

Imperial, Research, Articles, Cute, topic

Question 12

What are the 3 components of an introduction?

Answer 12

The introduction includes three distinct subsections, although these are typically not identified by separate headings. The opening introduces the research question and explains why it is interesting, the literature review discusses relevant previous research, and the closing restates the research question and comments on the method used to answer it.

Question 13

Can you find creative ways to sneak humor into your APA paper?

Answer 13

Yes, only it serves a necessary purpose and concretely expresses a point for the life of the paper as a whole.

Question 14

What is a literature review?

Answer 14

A section of the introduction of an APA paper that describes relevant previous research on the topic and can be anywhere from several paragraphs to several pages in length.

Question 15

By the end of the _____ _____, readers should be convinced that the _____ _____ makes sense and that the present study is a ____ ____ ____ in the ongoing research process.

Answer 15

literature, review, research, question, logical, next, step

Question 16

What to do in a literature review?

Answer 16

First, it is extremely important to start with an outline of the main points that you want to make, organized in the order that you want to make them. The basic structure of your argument, then, should be apparent from the outline itself. Second, it is important to emphasize the structure of your argument in your writing.

Question 17

Important components of a closing section in an APAP paper

Answer 17

The closing of the introduction—typically the final paragraph or two—usually includes two important elements. The first is a clear statement of the main research question and hypothesis. This statement tends to be more formal and precise than in the opening and is often expressed in terms of operational definitions of the key variables. The second is a brief overview of the method and some comment on its appropriateness.

Question 18

What is the methods section of an APA paper?

Answer 18

The portion of an APA paper where you describe the process you used to conduct your study.

Question 19

What is the difference between design and procedure?

Answer 19

The design of a study is its overall structure. What were the independent and dependent variables? Was the independent variable manipulated, and if so, was it manipulated between or within subjects? How were the variables operationally defined? The procedure is how the study was carried out. It often works well to describe the procedure in terms of what the participants did rather than what the researchers did.

Question 20

What to do in a research section?

Answer 20

Remind the reader of the research question.
Give the answer to the research question in words.
Present the relevant statistics.
Qualify the answer if necessary.
Summarize the result.

Question 21

Components of the discussion section:

Answer 21

Summary of the research
Theoretical implications
Practical implications
Limitations
Suggestions for future research

Question 22

What are Review Articles?

Answer 22

Articles that summarize previously published research on a topic and usually present new ways to organize or explain the results.

Question 23

What are Theoretical Articles?

Answer 23

Similar to review articles but present a new theory

Question 24

Final Manuscripts:

Answer 24

Manuscripts that are prepared by the author in their final form and submitted for publication like Dissertations and Theses and other student papers.

Question 25

How many slides should you have in a talk at conference?

Answer 25

No more than one per minute you are talking.

Question 26

Talks are generally structured like an ___ ___ report

Answer 26

APA style

Question 27

Why are posters important?

Answer 27

They encourage meaningful interaction among researchers

Question 28

At the very ____, it is important for presenters to ___ by their posters, greet visitors, offer to ____ ____, and be prepared for questions and even the occasional ____ comment.

Answer 28

least, stand, answer, questions, critical

Question 29

It is generally a ____ ____ to have a more detailed ____ ____ of the research available for visitors who want more _____, to offer to send them a detailed write-up, or to provide contact information so that they can request more information later.

Answer 29

good idea, write-up, information

Question 30

What are the 3 levels of APA style? (simpler)

Answer 30

APA style can be seen as having three levels. There is the organization of a research article, the high-level style that includes writing in a formal and straightforward way, and the low-level style that consists of many specific rules of grammar, spelling, formatting of references, and so on.