Chapter 1.1 - 1.3 Thermal Energy Flashcards
Gas state:
- Molecules organised randomly and far apart
- They collide with each other and the walls of the container
- Diffuse rapidly
- Can be compressed
- Exert pressure inside the container they’re in
Liquid state:
- Molecules organised randomly
- No fixed shape ( take the shape of the container)
Solid state:
- Molecules are organised in an orderly lattice structure
- Have a fixed shape
- Particles vibrate in their position
What is Kinetic theory
When heating causes particles, within the material to gain kinetic energy (move or vibrate at greater speeds) and gain potential energy( by moving further from their points of equilibrum)
This allows for solid –> liquid–> gas where there is enough energy added to break the particle bonds
Internal energy equation
U = Q + W
U= Internal energy (J) Q= Heating or cooling (J) W= Work (J)
Specific heat capacity equation
Q = MxCxT
Q= Quantity of heat energy (J) M= Mass (kg) C= Specific heat (J kg-1 K-1) T= temperature change (K)
What is heat?
The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a colder one (measured in joules)
What is temperature?
The average kinetic energy of the molecules (measured in degrees)
What is expansion in solids?
An increase in temperature causes the particles to vibrate more as the kinetic energy increases, causing them to move further apart
What is Absolute Zero
-273 degrees celsius
C = K - 273
K = C + 273
What is internal energy?
The total of the kinetic and potential energy within a substance
- always increases when heated
Equation for Internal energy?
U = Q + W
U= internal energy (J) Q= heating or cooling (J) W= Work (J)
What is Latent Heat?
The “hidden” energy which is absorbed or released during a phase change
