Chapter 11 & 13

Question 1

I.M.A.F.

Answer 1

Intermolecular attraction

Question 2

Name the I.M.A.F.s from strong to weak

Answer 2

1. Hydrogen bond
2. Ion-dipole
3. Dipole-Dipole
4. London Disperson forces/Vander Waal Forces

Question 3

Hydrogen bond

Answer 3

Attraction between a H of on emolecule and either O, N, F in another molecule.

In the molecule there must be an O-H, N-H or F-H bond.

Has the stronges I.M.A.F.

Question 4

Ion-dipole

Answer 4

Ionic solids dissolved in polar solvents

Ex: Na⁺in H₂O and NaCl in H₂O

Question 5

Dipole-Dipole

Answer 5

between two polar molecules

Question 6

London Disperson Forces / Vander Waals Forces

Answer 6

1. Weakest I.M.A.F.
2. between tow non-polar molecules
3. these will increase with increasion size or mass
4. depend on mass
5. greater mass + greater size = stronger dispersion force

Question 7

phase diagram

Answer 7

triple point: the T and P point where all 3 phases are in equalibrium

If the solid-liquid line has a negative slope, the solid is less dense than the liquid.

If the solid-liquid line has a positive slope, the solid is more dense thatn liquid.

Question 8

How does Kinetic Energy relate to I.M.A.F.

Answer 8

KE: Solid (low) to Gas (high)

I.M.A.F: Solid (strong) to Gas (weak)

Question 9

melting point

Answer 9

High melting point corresponds to strong I.M.A.F.

Low melting point corresponds to weaker I.M.A.F.

Question 10

boiling point

Answer 10

High boiling point corresponds to strong I.M.A.F.

Ex: HF (20h°C) H bonds = stronger I.M.A.F;

HCl (-85˚C) dipole-dipole = weaker I.M.A.F.

Question 11

melting

Answer 11

Phase change that requires energy.

The change from a solid to a liquid.

Question 12

vaporization

Answer 12

Phase change that requires energy.

The change from a liquid to a gas.

Question 13

sublimation

Answer 13

Phase change that requires energy.

The change from a solid to a gas without becoming a liquid.

Question 14

condensation

Answer 14

Phase change that releases energy.

The change from a gas to a liquid.

Question 15

deposition

Answer 15

Phase change that releases energy.

The change from a gas to a solid without becoming a liquid.

Question 16

freezing

Answer 16

Phase change that releases energy.

The change from a liquid to a solid.

Question 17

Which requires more engergy? Solid to liquid or liquid to gas?

Answer 17

Liquid to gas. It takes more energy because the molecules completely seperate.

Question 18

viscosity

Answer 18

def: resistance to flow in liquid

High viscosity (thicker) corresponds to strong I.M.A.F.

Question 19

surface tension

Answer 19

greater surface tension means higher I.M.A.F.

Question 20

heat of fusion

Answer 20

def: energy to melt on mole of a substance

H_f = j/mol

High H_f corresponds with strong I.M.A.F.

Question 21

heat of vaporization

Answer 21

def: energy to turn one mole of liquid to gas

H_v

High H_v corresponds to strong I.M.A.F.

Question 22

solute & solvent

Answer 22

solute: smaller amount
solvent: greater amount; H₂O defalt solvent

Question 23

concentration

Answer 23

concentration = amount of sloute/amount of solvent or solution

Question 24

molarity

Answer 24

molarity (M) = moles of solute/L of entire solution

Question 25

molality

Answer 25

molality (m) = moles of solute/Kg of solvent

Question 26

mole fraction

Answer 26

mole fraction = mole solute or solvent/mole solute + solvent

Question 27

mass %

Answer 27

mass % = (mass solute/mass solution) x 100

Question 28

colligative properties

Answer 28

def: properties of solutions that depend on the number of solute

freezing: ∆T = K_fmn

boiling: ∆T = K_bmn

Question 29

effective nuclear charge