Chapter 11 Flashcards
Tell me about Imitation of the Christ.
Book by Thomas A Kempis. Summarizes philosophy of modern devotion. Intended primarily for monks and nuns. Widely read by laity who wanted to pursue ascetic life.
What is Ideology of the Brothers of the Common life?
Another name = Modern Devotion
Boarding school for reform minded laity. A lay religious life of prayer and study without surrendering the world. Thomas A. Kempis summarized philosophy in book imitation of the Christ.
What was Martin Luther’s growing up years like? Name where he grew up and background about parents.
Grew Up - Thuringia
Parents - were abusive, expected perfection. Dad’s profession = minor
What happened to Martin Luther in 1505?
- enrolled in Law school because of Father’s wishes
* gets caught in lightening storm and makes a deal with God that alters his life course. Decides to become a monk
Between 1501 and 1505 what does Martin Luther do?
Is at Erfurt University. Gets masters degree in art. Influenced by William of Aucum
When is Martin Luther ordained a monk and what does he do in 1510?
1507 and in 1510 takes a pilgrimage to Rome
What was the equation that the Catholic Church taught that represented the way to achieve salvation? And who and what amount was decided as the first part of the equation?
• works + Grace = Salvation
Works - church decided you had to do x amount of works. X was never ending
Martin Luther was unimpressed with the way the hierarchy of the church ran things. What did Martin Luther believe was the way to receive salvation?
“Justification by Faith alone “
• belief = works = grace = salvation
What was purgatory and how could you according to the Catholic Church avoid it?
A lake of fire and brimstone you went to after you died to pay for your sins. Could be avoided if you bought an indulgence
What is an indulgence?
“Sinsurance” - a piece of paper with the Papal seal you could buy in order to avoid purgatory
What is “works of Salvation” ?
Things you could do to repent of your sins so you don't end up in purgatory:
• paying alms to the poor
• fasting
• pilgrimage to Rome
Or easy way out - buy indulgenceWhat was the bank of good deeds called?
Treasury of Merit
In 1476 ______ extended _______
Sixtus IV extended treasury of merit to the dead
In 1517 what did Pope Leo X create and what was its purpose?
Jubilee Indulgence - covers the past, present, and future sins
• purpose = so pope could have on his record that he finished ST. PETER’S BASILICA.
* Jubilee Indulgence would give him the money needed to finish St. Peter’s Basilica
Who was Albrecht of Mainz and what was his significance?
A man who borrowed money from the Fuggers 3 times. Now greatly indebt. Pope Leo X needed a place to sale Jubilee indulgence. Used Albrecht of Mainz lands
Who was Johann Tetzel and what was his catch phrase?
An excellent Indulgence Preacher the Pope got to sale his indulgences.
Catch phrase = “ When the coin in the coffee rings the soul from purgatory springs.”
What did Martin Luther do in 1517?
Pens - 95 Theses ( complaints ) - focused on indulgences. Written in Latin.
* doesn’t want to start revolution but a debate or discussion
What did the humanists do after the 95 theses were penned?
Humanists translate Theses into German and then published by the printing press
What happens to Luther after the 95 theses were published?
Oct. 1518 - Order of Augsburg - Luther is to go to Augsburg to be tried, convicted of heresy
Who dies after the Order of Augsburg and what is his significance?
Jan. 1519 the emperor Maximilian the first dies. Now there are bigger problems than Martin Luther
Who is now Emperor after Maximilian dies?
Charles V emperor of Spanish empire and Holy Roman Empire at 19 years old. Richiesta elected him
What is Martin Luther doing in June 1519?
Martin Luther debates with John Eck. Luther says he supports John Huss who was convicted of heresy
Literary works of Martin Luther and brief description of them.
- The Address to the Christian Nobility of the German Nation - urged German Princes to force reforms on Roman Church
- Babylonian Captivity of the Church - attacked traditional 7 sacraments; arguing that only 2 were biblical
- Freedom of a Christian - Salvation by faith alone
What is the Diet of Worms?
April 1521 - German nobility presented Emperor (Charles V) with list of 102 oppressive (church) burdens and abuses corrupting care of German souls.
Luther presents his views and then is ordered to recant his works. Luther declared that doing so would be an act against Scripture, reason, and his conscience.
What is the diet of Augsburg?
In 1530, Charles V orders all Lutherans to reconvert/ revert back to Catholicism
What is the peace of Augsburg?
- Year : 1555
- Gave princely control on religion. Only recognized Lutheran, not other religions.
- Cuius regio, eius religio = the ruler of the land would determine its religion.
Reaction to German Peasant Revolt
Luther initially sympathized with peasants, condemning tyranny of princes. But when peasants revolted in 1524 Luther condemned them as unchristian and urged prince to crush them. Estimated 70-100 thousand peasants died by the time revolt was over.
