Chapter 11 Flashcards
What are the two components of personality?
Consistency and Distinctiveness
Know the three different structures of the mind (also referred to as levels of consciousness), according to Freud. Could you recognize an example?
Conscious, Preconscious, and Unconscious
Conscious Example: (Normal awareness, Rational, Goal-Directed)
Preconscious Example: (Easily brought to consciousness, Like long-term memory) How many of us are thinking of our middle name? Now you are. Accessible to you and was stored in preconscious
Unconscious Example: (Hidden thoughts and desires)
Know the structures of personality (id, superego, ego). What are their roles (in other words, how do they guide a person’s thoughts and behaviors)? Could you recognize an example?
The Id: present at birth, home to sexual and aggressive drive, governed by the pleasure principle
EX: “I want!”
The Superego: developed during childhood, governed by social standards
EX: “Conscience”
The Ego: resolves conflicts between the id and the superego, governed by the reality principle
EX: “decision maker”
What are defense mechanisms? Could you recognize specific examples?
Defense mechanisms are largely unconscious reactions that protect a person from unpleasant emotions, such as anxiety and guilt.
Examples: repression, projection, displacement, reaction formation, regression, identification
How were behaviorist concepts (operant conditioning, classical conditioning, observational learning) applied to understand personality development?
people show some consistent patterns of behavior because they have some stable response tendencies that they have acquired through experience
Know the characteristics of the humanistic perspective on personality.
optimistic perspective on human nature
growth toward one’s highest potential
overcoming obstacles/urges with rationality
social responsibility
affirmations of dignity, self-worth
implications for therapy
experience is the highest authority
subjective views are important
emphasis on conscious (vs. unconscious)
Understand Maslow’s hierarchy of needs and how it organizes our basic needs. How does Maslow define self-actualization? Could you identify an example of each need?
physiological needs, safety needs, belonging and love needs, esteem needs,
cognitive needs, aesthetic needs, self-actualization, transcendence
addresses basic needs to help us open and grow
Self actualization: the need to fulfill one’s potential
What is unconditional positive regard? How does it relate to the congruence/incongruence between the person’s self-concept and reality?
Unconditional positive regard is when parents make their love unconditional, children have less need to block out unworthy experiences because they’ve been assured that they’re worthy of affection no matter what they do.
This relates to congruence because a child’s self-concept will match well with their actual experience
What are the five personality traits that make up the Five Factor Model? What positive and negative life outcomes are associated with each?
Extroversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness to experience
Examples:
High Conscientiousness: Better Grades
High Extraversion and Conscientiousness (High Neuroticism can put this at risk): Career Success
High Neuroticism (High Conscientiousness and Agreeableness are protective): Divorce
High neuroticism (High Conscientiousness is protective): Prevalence of physical/mental disorders
