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Csci2 > chapter 11,12 > Flashcards

chapter 11,12 Flashcards

1
Q

Fetch/Execute cycle 5 steps

A

inst fet (If), inst decode (id), data fetch (df), inst execute (ex), result return (rr)

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2
Q

Computers 5 basic parts

A

memory, contrul unit, arithmetic/longic unit, input unit, output unit

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3
Q

input

A

mouse, keyboard, scanner

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4
Q

output

A

monitor, printer, speakers

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5
Q

input and output

A

hard disk and usb memory

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6
Q

Memory

A

sequence of discrete locations; composed of 1 byte (8 bits); address=whole number starting with 0; memory locations store/record values

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7
Q

byte size memory location

A

store one ASCII character or number less than 256, blocks of 4 bytes called WORDS

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8
Q

RAM

A

Random Access Memory, measured in MG or GB

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9
Q

Control Unit

A

where fetch/execute cycle occurs

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10
Q

ADD 4000, 2000, 2080

A

numbers stored in locations 200 and 2080 added together, stored in location 4000

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11
Q

ALU

A

arithmetic/logic Unit, Does the Math, uses logic gates to implement operations like AND, OR, each instruction carried out with separate circuit

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12
Q

Peripherals

A

connect to the computer input/output (i/o) ports; not considered part of computer, just specialized gadgets to en/decode info

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13
Q

Peripheral Examples

A

Keyboard, encodes keys to binary, monitor decodes infor from memory; handle PHYSICAl part

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14
Q

Alpha-Peripheral

A

hard disk, most tightly linked to computer, must hold programs and their data to run; bigger but slower than computer’s memory

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15
Q

Device Driver

A

added processing softward gives peripheral standard meaning, behavior, intelligence

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16
Q

PC

A

Program counter, address used to keep track of next instruction; Next instruction always at PC plus 4

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17
Q

Branch/jump

A

Some instructions can jump the net sequential instructions

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18
Q

Instruction Interpretation

A

process of executing a program

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19
Q

Source Operands

A

memery address of instruction’s data

20
Q

Number of Different Operations

A

only about 20

21
Q

Fetch/Execute cycle

A

measured in megahertz (millions of cycles per second)

22
Q

Pipelining

A

passing off completing instructions to other circuitry, frees the fetch unit to start next instruction earlier

23
Q

How software is run

A

copy binary instructions to RAM, interpret using the Fetch/Execute cycle

24
Q

Assembly language

A

alternative form of machine language, uses letters and normal numbers so people can understand; first converts to binary, then assembles binary pieces into instruction

25
Q

High level programming langauge

A

translated into assembly language, then assembled into binary; preferred languages

26
Q

OS

A

operating system, microsoft windows, apple’s mac OS X, fills gap between limited capabilites of hardward and needs of useful working environment; performs booting, memory etc

27
Q

software stack

A

layers of softwars of increasing complexity

28
Q

functional composition

A

being able to combine softwares

29
Q

ICs

A

integrated circuits made through potolithography; required miniaturization and integration

30
Q

silicon

A

semiconductor, sometimes conducts electricity, sometimes not; main process used in computer construction; on again off again

31
Q

field effect

A

controls conductivity of semiconductor, charged pos or neg, effect on each other withOUT actually touching

32
Q

channel

A

part between ends of 2 wires, creates path for electricity to travel

33
Q

insulator

A

coves the channel

34
Q

gate

A

third wirse passing over the insulator

35
Q

transistor

A

conccector between 2 wires than can be controlled to allow a charge to flow between the wires

36
Q

MOS

A

metal oxide semiconductor transistor

37
Q

CMOS

A

complementary MOS, modern computers use

38
Q

Algorithm properties

A

input specified, output specified, definiteness, effectiveness, finiteness

39
Q

Input specified

A

input is data to be transformed during computation to produce output

40
Q

output specified

A

data resulting from computation, normally contained in algorithm name

41
Q

Definiteness

A

must specify all steps and order, including details

42
Q

effectiveness

A

all steps required must be doable

43
Q

finiteness

A

must stop eventually

44
Q

Algorithm facs

A

can be specified at different levels of detail, build on previously defined functionality, different paths to solutions

45
Q

how know an algorithm works

A

know WHY it works

46
Q

Selection sort

A

swap smallest item into correct position, repeat

Csci2 (5 decks)

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