Chapter 11

Question 1

surface water

Answer 1

fresh water on Earth’s land surface.

Question 2

River system

Answer 2

flowing network of water as streams and rivers move across the land

Question 3

Watershed

Answer 3

The area of land that is drained by a river.

Question 4

Groundwater

Answer 4

Water stored beneath the Earth’s surface in sediment and rock formations.

Question 5

Aquifer

Answer 5

An underground formation that contains groundwater.

Question 6

Porosity

Answer 6

The amount of space between the particles that make up a rock

Question 7

Permeability

Answer 7

The ability of rock or soil t allow water to flow through it.

Question 8

Recharge zone

Answer 8

The area of the Earth’s surface where water percolates down into the aquifer.

Question 9

Potable

Answer 9

Safe to drink

Question 10

Pathogens

Answer 10

Organisms that cause illness or disease such as bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms.

Question 11

Irrigation

Answer 11

method of providing plants with water from sources other that direct precipitation.

Question 12

Dam

Answer 12

structure built across a river to control the river’s flow.

Question 13

Reservoir

Answer 13

formed when the river is dammed, an artificial lake.

Question 14

Drip irrigation systems

Answer 14

promising step toward conservation which deliver small amounts of water directly to the plant roots by using perforated tubing.

Question 15

Xeriscaping

Answer 15

landscaping involving minimal water usage

Question 16

desalination

Answer 16

process of removing salt from salt water

Question 17

desalination

Answer 17

process of removing salt from salt water

Question 18

Water pollution

Answer 18

introduction of chemical, physical or biological agents into water that degrade water quality and adversely affect the organisms that depend on the water.

Question 19

Point-source pollution

Answer 19

pollution discharged from a single source such as leaking septic tank, unlined landfills, leaking storage tanks, water discharged from industries and abandoned mines, and waste water treatment plants.

Question 20

non-point pollution

Answer 20

Pollution coming from many different sources which are often difficult to identify such as water runoff on streets, fertilizer runoff, chemicals added to road surfaces.

Question 21

Waste water

Answer 21

water that contains waste from home or industry.

Question 22

artificial eutrophication

Answer 22

an increase in the amount of nutrients, such as nitrates, in a marine or aquatic ecosystem. Artificial eutrophication is caused by humans.

Question 23

thermal pollution

Answer 23

when the temperature of a body of water, such as a lake or stream increase.

Question 24

biomagnification

Answer 24

accumulation of pollutants at successive levels of the food chain. Harms the organisms at the to of the food chain.