chapter 11

Question 1

what is motivation?

Answer 1

the overall desire to excel.

Question 2

what is the key to leadership success?

Answer 2

MOTIVATING OTHERS TO DO

THEIR BEST.

Question 3

what is costly?

Answer 3

losing an employee

Question 4

what is a major function of management?

Answer 4

Hiring & retaining good employees

Question 5

what do happy workers lead to?

Answer 5

lead to happy customers & happy customers lead to successful businesses.

Question 6

what is an intrinsic reward?

Answer 6

good feeling for doing a good job.

Question 7

what is an extinstic reward?

Answer 7

something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; includes pay increases, praise & promotions.

Question 8

what did Frederick Taylor come up with?

Answer 8

Scientific management theory

Question 9

what is the scientific management theory?

Answer 9

increase productivity by studying most efficient ways of doing things & then teaching workers these methods.

Question 10

what are the three elements ti the scientific management approach?

Answer 10

time, methods & rules of work.

Question 11

how did federal Taylor view people as?

Answer 11

as MACHINES needing to be properly programmed with little concern for psychological or human aspects of work.

Question 12

in some companies, what is emphasized?

Answer 12

conformity to work rules rather than creativity, flexibility and responsiveness

Question 13

what did Elton mayo test?

Answer 13

the degree of lighting associated with optimum productivity.

Question 14

what is the Hawthorne effect?

Answer 14

hypothesized that human or psychological factors caused increases in worker performance (not changes in lighting).

Question 15

the results from the Hawthorne effect encouraged researchers to study with styles to increase productivity?

Answer 15

human motivation & managerial styles

Question 16

the Hawthorne effect refers to which tendency?

Answer 16

the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they’re being studied.

Question 17

what did Maslow discuss?

Answer 17

the hierarchy of needs

Question 18

what does motivation come from according to Maslow?

Answer 18

from need

Question 19

a satisfied need is no longer a..? (Maslow)

Answer 19

motivator

Question 20

can lower level needs pop up at any time (Maslow)?

Answer 20

yes and they take attention away from higher level needs

Question 21

what are the elements in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 21

from the bottom to top: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualization needs

Question 22

what is a physiological need?

Answer 22

Basic survival needs including need to drink, eat & be sheltered from heat & cold.

Question 23

what is a safety need?

Answer 23

need to feel secure at work & home.

Question 24

what is a social need?

Answer 24

need to feel loved, accepted, & part of

the group.

Question 25

what is an esteem need?

Answer 25

need for recognition & acknowledgment from others, as well as self-respect & a sense of status.

Question 26

what is a self actualization need?

Answer 26

need to develop to your fullest potential.

Question 27

what question did herzberg ask?

Answer 27

What creates enthusiasm for workers & makes them work to full potential?

Question 28

what are the five motivating/hygiene factors according to herzberg?

Answer 28

``` Work itself Sense of achievement Earned recognition Responsibility Growth & advancement ```

Question 29

factors receiving the most votes were clustered around what? (herzebrg)

Answer 29

job content

Question 30

what are some hygiene factors?

Answer 30

salary, job security, working conditions, personal life, peers,

Question 31

what is mcgregors theories x and y?

Answer 31

The way in which managers go about motivating people at work depends greatly on their attitudes toward workers.

Question 32

what is theory x? (mcgregor)?

Answer 32

people who dislike work, motivated by fear and money, little ambition, avoid responsibility and are forced, controlled, directed and threatened

Question 33

what is theory y (mcgregor)?

Answer 33

people who like work, seek responsibility, creative, imaginative, empowered, work towards goals

Question 34

what is the goal setting theory (MBO)?

Answer 34

Goal-setting theory is based on the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers & improve performance

Question 35

what was MBO in the 1960s?

Answer 35

is a system of goal setting & implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review & evaluation of objectives among top- & middle-level managers, supervisors & employees.

Question 36

in the 1960s, when was MBO most effective?

Answer 36

in relatively stable situations in which LT plans are developed & implemented with little need for major changes.

Question 37

in MBO, what should managers understand the difference between?

Answer 37

between helping & coaching subordinates.

Question 38

what is victor vroom expectancy theory?

Answer 38

Amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.

Question 39

how do expectations vary according to vroom?

Answer 39

from individual to individual.

Question 40

what are the four steps to use vroom's expectancy theory?

Answer 40

* Determine rewards valued by employees. * Evaluate performance level you seek. * Make performance level attainable. * Make reward valuable to employee.

Question 41

what are some employee questions in the expectancy theory?

Answer 41

can I accomplish the task and is the reward worth it

Question 42

what is the reinforcement theory?

Answer 42

positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers & punishers motivate a person to behave in certain ways.

Question 43

according to the reinforcement theory, what is motivation a result of?

Answer 43

result of the carrot-and-stick approach whereby individuals act to receive rewards

Question 44

what is the equity theory?

Answer 44

looks at how employees’ perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform.

Question 45

how do employees try to maintain equity? (equity theory)

Answer 45

try to maintain equity between what they put into the job & what they get out of it.

Question 46

how come no theory is complete?

Answer 46

people are very complex

Question 47

what is job enrichment and who used this?

Answer 47

a strategy that motivates workers through job itself and Maslow and herzebrg

Question 48

how does job enrichment work?

Answer 48

Work is assigned so that individuals can complete an identifiable task from beginning to end & are held responsible for successful achievement.

Question 49

how should communication and information flow through organizations?

Answer 49

FREELY

Question 50

how does open communication help top managers and team members?

Answer 50

helps both top managers & team members understand objectives & work together to achieve them.

Question 51

why is having teams a good thing?

Answer 51

creates an environment in which learning can happen, b/c most learning happens at peer level.

Question 52

does teamwork happen by itself?

Answer 52

no

Question 53

what is the ford Motor company story?

Answer 53

they had a 400 member team and they had freedom to make decisions without waiting for approbvembt from the headquarters. they needed to create a car. this is an example of self managed teams using open communication

Question 54

why did more than half employees leave their jobs?

Answer 54

b/c of lack of appreciation.

Question 55

why is it important to know each work personally?

Answer 55

to help specially motivate that person

Question 56

what is the most frequently used demographic characteristic to determine size and life styles?

Answer 56

age

Question 57

when were baby boomers from?

Answer 57

1946-1964

Question 58

when was generation x from?

Answer 58

1965-1976

Question 59

when was Generation Y/millennials/echo boomers from?

Answer 59

1977-1994

Question 60

when was generation z from?

Answer 60

1995 to present