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intro to business test 3 > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

1
Q

what is motivation?

A

the overall desire to excel.

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2
Q

what is the key to leadership success?

A

MOTIVATING OTHERS TO DO

THEIR BEST.

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3
Q

what is costly?

A

losing an employee

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4
Q

what is a major function of management?

A

Hiring & retaining good employees

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5
Q

what do happy workers lead to?

A

lead to happy customers & happy customers lead to successful businesses.

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6
Q

what is an intrinsic reward?

A

good feeling for doing a good job.

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7
Q

what is an extinstic reward?

A

something given to you by someone else as recognition for good work; includes pay increases, praise & promotions.

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8
Q

what did Frederick Taylor come up with?

A

Scientific management theory

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9
Q

what is the scientific management theory?

A

increase productivity by studying most efficient ways of doing things & then teaching workers these methods.

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10
Q

what are the three elements ti the scientific management approach?

A

time, methods & rules of work.

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11
Q

how did federal Taylor view people as?

A

as MACHINES needing to be properly programmed with little concern for psychological or human aspects of work.

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12
Q

in some companies, what is emphasized?

A

conformity to work rules rather than creativity, flexibility and responsiveness

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13
Q

what did Elton mayo test?

A

the degree of lighting associated with optimum productivity.

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14
Q

what is the Hawthorne effect?

A

hypothesized that human or psychological factors caused increases in worker performance (not changes in lighting).

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15
Q

the results from the Hawthorne effect encouraged researchers to study with styles to increase productivity?

A

human motivation & managerial styles

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16
Q

the Hawthorne effect refers to which tendency?

A

the tendency for people to behave differently when they know they’re being studied.

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17
Q

what did Maslow discuss?

A

the hierarchy of needs

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18
Q

what does motivation come from according to Maslow?

A

from need

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19
Q

a satisfied need is no longer a..? (Maslow)

A

motivator

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20
Q

can lower level needs pop up at any time (Maslow)?

A

yes and they take attention away from higher level needs

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21
Q

what are the elements in Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

A

from the bottom to top: physiological, safety, social, esteem, self actualization needs

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22
Q

what is a physiological need?

A

Basic survival needs including need to drink, eat & be sheltered from heat & cold.

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23
Q

what is a safety need?

A

need to feel secure at work & home.

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24
Q

what is a social need?

A

need to feel loved, accepted, & part of

the group.

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25
Q

what is an esteem need?

A

need for recognition & acknowledgment from others, as well as self-respect & a sense of status.

26
Q

what is a self actualization need?

A

need to develop to your fullest potential.

27
Q

what question did herzberg ask?

A

What creates enthusiasm for workers & makes them work to full potential?

28
Q

what are the five motivating/hygiene factors according to herzberg?

A 
Work itself
Sense of achievement
Earned recognition
Responsibility
Growth & advancement
29
Q

factors receiving the most votes were clustered around what? (herzebrg)

A

job content

30
Q

what are some hygiene factors?

A

salary, job security, working conditions, personal life, peers,

31
Q

what is mcgregors theories x and y?

A

The way in which managers go about motivating people at work depends greatly on their attitudes toward workers.

32
Q

what is theory x? (mcgregor)?

A

people who dislike work, motivated by fear and money, little ambition, avoid responsibility and are forced, controlled, directed and threatened

33
Q

what is theory y (mcgregor)?

A

people who like work, seek responsibility, creative, imaginative, empowered, work towards goals

34
Q

what is the goal setting theory (MBO)?

A

Goal-setting theory is based on the idea that setting ambitious but attainable goals can motivate workers & improve performance

35
Q

what was MBO in the 1960s?

A

is a system of goal setting & implementation that involves a cycle of discussion, review & evaluation of objectives among top- & middle-level managers, supervisors & employees.

36
Q

in the 1960s, when was MBO most effective?

A

in relatively stable situations in which LT plans are developed & implemented with little need for major changes.

37
Q

in MBO, what should managers understand the difference between?

A

between helping & coaching subordinates.

38
Q

what is victor vroom expectancy theory?

A

Amount of effort employees exert on a specific task depends on their expectations of the outcome.

39
Q

how do expectations vary according to vroom?

A

from individual to individual.

40
Q

what are the four steps to use vroom’s expectancy theory?

A
  • Determine rewards valued by employees.
  • Evaluate performance level you seek.
  • Make performance level attainable.
  • Make reward valuable to employee.
41
Q

what are some employee questions in the expectancy theory?

A

can I accomplish the task and is the reward worth it

42
Q

what is the reinforcement theory?

A

positive reinforcers, negative reinforcers & punishers motivate a person to behave in certain ways.

43
Q

according to the reinforcement theory, what is motivation a result of?

A

result of the carrot-and-stick approach whereby individuals act to receive rewards

44
Q

what is the equity theory?

A

looks at how employees’ perceptions of fairness affect their willingness to perform.

45
Q

how do employees try to maintain equity? (equity theory)

A

try to maintain equity between what they put into the job & what they get out of it.

46
Q

how come no theory is complete?

A

people are very complex

47
Q

what is job enrichment and who used this?

A

a strategy that motivates workers through job itself and Maslow and herzebrg

48
Q

how does job enrichment work?

A

Work is assigned so that individuals can complete an identifiable task from beginning to end & are held responsible for successful achievement.

49
Q

how should communication and information flow through organizations?

A

FREELY

50
Q

how does open communication help top managers and team members?

A

helps both top managers & team members understand objectives & work together to achieve them.

51
Q

why is having teams a good thing?

A

creates an environment in which learning can happen, b/c most learning happens at peer level.

52
Q

does teamwork happen by itself?

A

no

53
Q

what is the ford Motor company story?

A

they had a 400 member team and they had freedom to make decisions without waiting for approbvembt from the headquarters. they needed to create a car. this is an example of self managed teams using open communication

54
Q

why did more than half employees leave their jobs?

A

b/c of lack of appreciation.

55
Q

why is it important to know each work personally?

A

to help specially motivate that person

56
Q

what is the most frequently used demographic characteristic to determine size and life styles?

A

age

57
Q

when were baby boomers from?

A

1946-1964

58
Q

when was generation x from?

A

1965-1976

59
Q

when was Generation Y/millennials/echo boomers from?

A

1977-1994

60
Q

when was generation z from?

A

1995 to present

intro to business test 3 (3 decks)

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