Chapter 10.3: Hunger

Question 0

What is the arcuate nucleus?

Answer 0

Hypothalamic area with sets of neurons for hunger and satiety

Question 1

What is an agouti-related peptide?

Answer 1

An inhibitory transmitter that blocks the satiety actions of the paraventricular nucleus.

Question 2

What is bulimia nervosa?

Answer 2

A condition in which people alternate between binges of overeating and periods of strict dieting

Question 3

What is cholecystokinin (CCK)?

Answer 3

Hormone released from the duodenum that constricts the sphincter muscle between the stomach and duodenum, limiting the meal size

Question 4

What is the duodenum?

Answer 4

Part of the small intestine adjoining the stomach; first digestive site that absorbs nutrients

Question 5

What is ghrelin?

Answer 5

Chemical released by the stomach during a period of food deprivation; also released as a neurotransmitter in the brain, where it stimulates eating

Question 6

____ is a pancreatic hormone that stimulates the liver to convert stored glycogen to glucose

Answer 6

Glucagon

Question 7

___ is a pancreatic hormone that enables glucose to enter the cell

Answer 7

Insulin

Question 8

___ is an intestinal enzyme that metabolizes lactose

Answer 8

Lactase

Question 9

___ is a sugar in milk

Answer 9

Lactose

Question 10

___ is the area of the hypothalamus that controls insulin secretion, alters taste responsiveness, and facilitates feeding in other ways

Answer 10

Lateral Hypothalamus

Question 11

___ is a peptide produced by the body’s fat cells

Answer 11

Leptin

Question 12

___ is a type of chemical that promotes satiety; receptors in the paraventricular nucleus are important for limiting food intake; deficiencies lead to overeating

Answer 12

Melanocortin

Question 13

___ is a peptide that blocks the satiety actions of the paraventricular nucleus

Answer 13

Neuropeptide Y (NPY)

Question 14

What is sham-feeding?

Answer 14

Procedure in which everything that an animal swallows leaks out a tube connected to the esophagus or stomach

Question 15

What are splanchnic nerves?

Answer 15

Nerves that convey information about the nutrient contents of the stomach to the brain

Question 16

What is the ventromedial hypothalamus?

Answer 16

Region of the hypothalamus in which damage leads to faster stomach emptying and increased secretion of insulin