Chapter 10.2 Flashcards
What is the role of chromosomes in cell division?
Chromosomes make it possible to separate DNA precisely during cell division.
How many chromosomes do humans have?
23 pairs (total of 46
What are the main events of the cell cycle?
During the cell cycle, a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.
G1 phase (cell growth) S phase (DNA Replication) G2 phase (preparation for mitosis) M phase (cell division)
What events occur during each of the four phases of mitosis?
1) Prophase- the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and duplicated chromosomes become visible. Outside the nucleus, a spindle starts to form.
2) Metaphase- the centromeres of the duplicated chromomsomes line up across the center of the cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle
3) Anaphase- the chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell
4) Telophase- the chromosomes, which were distinct and condensed, begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin
How do the daughter cells split apart after mitosis?
Cytokinesis completes the process of cell division - it splits one cell into two
(cyto=cell) (kinesis=movement)
What is a chromosome?
Genetic information that is bundled into packages of DNA
What is chromatin?
a complex of chromosome and histone protein
What is Interphase?
an “in-between” period of growth which is divided into 3 parts:
1) G1 phase- (cell growth)
2) S phase- (DNA replication)
3) G2 phase (Preparation for cell Division)
What is Mitosis?
First large stage of cell division which is broken up into 4 distinctive events:
1) Prophase
2) Metaphase
3) Anaphase
4) Telophase
What is Cytokinesis?
Second stage of cell division which is the division of the cytoplasm (sometimes this stage occurs while in telophase of mitosis)
What is Prophase?
1st phase of mitosis, usually the longest and may take up to half of the total amount of time required to complete mitosis. CHROMOSOMES IN NUCLEUS BECOME VISIBLE DURING THIS PHASE.
What is a Centromere?
An area where duplicated strands of the DNA molecule can be attached (connects pairs of chromatids)
What is Chromatid?
Each DNA strand in the duplicated chromosome (also referred to as sister chromatid)
What is Metaphase?
2nd phase of mitosis and is generally the shortest. Centromeres of the duplicated chromosomes line up across the center of the cell. Spindle fibers connect the centromere of each chromosome to the two poles of the spindle.
What is Anaphase?
3rd phase of mitosis where the chromosomes separate and move along spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell.
