Chapter 1.02 Flashcards
what are examples of Membrane boiund organelles?
Nucleus, mitochodria, ER, golgi comples, lysosomes
What are examples of non-membrane bound organelles?
Ribosomes, centrosomes, basal bodies
What is the name of the intracellular fluid in a cell?
cytoplasm/cytosol
What does it mean that the plasma membrane is made up from amphiphilic molecules?
molecule contians both hydrohillic and hydrophobic parts
In the fluid mosaic model it contains protiens and cholesterol, What are thier roles?
Cholesteral- fluidity
Membrane protiens- pumps and diffusion of molecules
What is the name of the carbohydrate molecule that spread across the plasma membrane of a cell, that provides signaling and cell recognition?
Glycocalyx
What is layer is the plasmamembrane/ plasmalemma made of?
Phospholipid bilayer
what is the differace b/w endocytosis and exocytosis?
endo- uses coated vesicals to allow molecule into cell
exo-open secretory vesicle to let out the molecule of cell
what does it mean that the plasma membrane has slective permeability?
Small non-polar molecules can pass through easily
larger need other transport mechanism
There are three types of protien fiber present throughout the cytosol, that help give structure to the cell this is called?
cytoskeleton
Give the :
Size
protien
functio/role in cell
Microfilament
7 nm diameter
actin protien filament in helix]
form terminal web
Give the:
Size
protien
functio/role in cell
Intermediate filaments
8-10nm diameter
fiberous protien
structural role
Give the
Size
protien
functio/role in cell
microtubules
25nm diameter
tubulin protien arranged in a tube
important for cillia, centrioles
What are the diferent types of cellular projection?
Microvilli
sterocillia
cillia
flagella
Short, fingerlike projections of
the plasma membrane that increase SA, and is nonmotile + used for absorption. This is ?
microvili
Related to microvilli, but are much longer. Nonmotile.
Increase SA: Vol ratio, or may be sensory
Sterocillia
Much longer than microvilli. 9x2 + 2
internal structural pattern of microtubules.
Often motile. Most non-epithelial cells have
a nonmotile sensory primary cilium.
cilia
Long, forming the motile tail of a
sperm. Same internal structure of
microtubules as cilia.
flagella
what does axoneme mean in relation to cillia?
9 sets of doublet
microtubules, with a central
pair
what form a centrosome?
Two centrioles, one arranged at a right angle
to the long axis of the other, along with
pericentriolar matrix
Microtubules arranged as 9 sets of triplets in
a circular pattern
Centrioles
where do cilia attach to in a cell?
Cilia attach to dense Basal bodies at the
apical margin of the cell
Double membrane:
- Outer membrane encloses organelle
- Inner membrane forms cristae
this descibes
Mitochondria
What are the function of the mitochondrion?
Aerobic cellular respiration
- Early role in Apoptosis
(programmed cell death)
what kind of genetic information do mitochondrion carry
Circular Mitochondrial DNA in matrix
How can you tell the differance between RER and SER
RER has lots of ribosomes on the surface
What is the main function of the ER
System of flattened membranes working to
modify, package, and transport lipids and proteins
what are Cisternae
interconnected flat tubules that produce protien
funtions of the ser
synthesize steroid hormones
synthesize phospholipids and cholesterol
What is the golgi apperatus made of ?
sac called cisternae
what are lysosomes?
membrane-bound vesicles
containing digestive hydrolytic enzymes. Involved in autophagy
what are peroxisomes ?
(also membrane-bound) contain
enzymes involved in oxidative digestion
what is the name of the recieving area from ER
cis face
transport vesicles depart from where of the golgi apperatus?
trans face
what is the largest cell organelle
nucleus
What are chromatin?
DNA wrapped around histone protiens
Heterochromatin Vs. Euchromatin
densley packed not active- Hetero
more dispersed parts active in trascription- Euchromatin
How long does each phase of the cell cycle take
G1 11hrs
S 8 hrs
G2 4 hrs
Mitosis 1 hrs
During the cell cycle if cell is fertilized what occurs?
Early embryonic cells divide very rapidly
and they lack G1 and G2
What occurs during prophase?
- Chromosomes condense (as the nucleolus disappears) and become visible
- Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell to begin forming mitotic spindle
- Nuclear envelope disappears
what occurs in Metaphase
- Chromosomes align along
Equatorial (Metaphase) plate
what occurs in anaphase?
Chromosomes migrate apart
- Cleavage furrow begins to form
what is the kinetocore
Kinetochore = Where spindle attaches to
the centromere region of the chromosome
Ross
What occurs in telophase
- Chromosomes decondense into chromatin
- Nucleolus reappears
- Nuclear envelope reforms
- Mitotic spindle breaks down
what term is used to describe cell splitting?
cytokenesis
what are inclusions
= Cytoplasmic or nuclear structures that are nonliving components of a cell
what are some example of inclusions
secretory vesicles
lipid droplets within adipose cell
mucus within goblet cell
granules
pigmented deposits
