Chapter 1.01 Flashcards
What are the four general types of tissues?
Epithelial, muscular, Connective, Nervous
Organs consist of:
Parenchyma
and
Stroma
Define stroma in regards to organs:
the part that provides supportive frame work like CT
Define Parenchyma in regards to organs:
the part that performs the particular function of the organ
T or F Morphology tends to be closely tied to function of a cell?
True
What are some of the different cell shape variations?
spherical
squamous
cubodial
columnar
stellate
fusiform
In histology what are the two common measuments?
micrometer 10-6
nanometer 10-9
What type of LM is most common in histology
Compound light microscope
Would you be able to use a Dissecting Microscope to view a sperm cell?
sperm cells are viewed with compund microscope
What type of Microscopy does this describe:
Most common used to study tissues and cells
LM
What type of microscopy is described
Uses conventional light microscopy. Visible light passes through stained tissue sections
Bright field-Microscopy
What type of Microscopy does this describe:
Scattered light interferes with direct light and converts small differences in
refractive index into differences in light intensity variation. Good for unstained and living cells
Phase-contrast microscopy
What type of Microscopy does this describe:
Uses light polarized by filters. Specimen can be stained or unstained
Polarizing microscopy
What type of Microscopy does this describe:
Specimen is illuminated, reflected light has a longer wavelength than the absorbed
light. Specific cell components can be labeled with fluorescent stains
Fluorescence microscopy
What type of Microscopy does this describe:
A laser beam passes through a pinhole focusing on a small part of a specimen at a time. Whole specimen is eventually scanned and image is formed by a computer
Confocal microscopy
what are the slide preperation steps using the paraffin wax method?
- Fix-
- Dehydrate
- clear
- embed
- section
- deparffinize
- rehydrate
- stain
- dehydrate
- clear cover
What substance is used in the fixation step of the paraffin wax technique?
neutral buffered fomalin
What substance is used in the 1st dehydration step of the paraffin wax technique?
increasing concentrations of ethanol
What substance is used in the clearing step of the paraffin wax technique?
Xylene
clears the tissue to remove alcohol
What substance is used in the embed step of the paraffin wax technique?
paraffin wax
placed in mold to be filled with the wax
What is used to section the specimen embedded?
microtome
What substance is used in the deparaffinize step of the paraffin wax technique?
xylene
removes the excess wax
What substance is used in the Rehydration step of the paraffin wax technique?
DECREASING CONCENTRATION OF ETHANOL
what occurs in the staining step ?
Specimen is stained with one or more of a wide variety of selective stains
What substance is used in the 2nd dehydration step of the paraffin wax technique?
increasing concentrations of ethanol
What substance is used in the 2nd clearing step of the paraffin wax technique?
xylene
clear specimen of alcohol
what is the last step of paraffin wax technique
use adhesive to secure coverslip
If a specimen stained basophilic this means the cell contents are…
Cell contents are with a net
negative charge (anionic)
such as DNA and RNA
If a specimen stained acidophillic the cell compentents are…
Cell components with a net
positive charge (cationic)
such as proteins stain
what are you able to see in eslatic stain
Elatic fibers stain dark blue
and
Nuclei stain dark blue/black
to best see reticular fibers, nerve processes, nucleoli, and cytoplasm what stain is used?
silvers stain
In trichome staining Collagen of connective tissue is …
Nuclei are ..
Muscle is …
Cytoplasm of nonmuscle cells is…
Collagen of connective tissue is blue/green,
Nuclei are black,
Muscle is red,
Cytoplasm of nonmuscle cells is pink/red
What is PAS best used for?
- mucin granules of Goblet cells purple/magenta,
- Basement membranes stain pink/red
- Glycogen granules stain red/magenta
to best see red blood cells and white blood cell what stain is used?
Wrights stain
Osmium tetroxide is best used to identify ….
lipids
stain black
What are the two different types of EM?
SEM & TEM
which EM uses glutaraldehyde or Osmium tetroxide during fixation
TEM
what are the unique characteristics of TEM when wanting to collect specimens
Fixation- glutaraldehyde or Osmium tetroxide
Dehydration- ethanol
Infiltration and Embedding- epoxy resin
Sectioning- ultramicrotome
Staining- heavy metal salts
Produces 2D images
What are the unique charateristics of SEM?
Beam is reflected off of surfaces.
- Specimen mounted on an aluminum stub
- Sample is coated with gold
- Produces 3D images
What is
Freeze Fracture Scanning Electron Microscopy
- Breaking a frozen specimen to show internal structures
What is the differance in an intentional artifact vs. Unavoidable artifact
Artificial colors because of staining
Unavoidable
- Cells are killed and stabilized due to fixation process
- Small molecules and secretion products may be washed away
what are the three different palnes you can cut through a round solid structure?
Longitudinal plane (
= Longitudinal section
Transverse plane (
= Cross section
Tangential plane
Planes of section through a hollow structure:
Central space is a Lumen
Longitudinal plane
Transverse plane
Oblique plane
Tangential plane
