Chapter 10- Words Not Built From Word Parts Flashcards
Aneurysm
Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)
Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infraction
Angina pectoris
Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
Arrythmia
Any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern
Atrial fibrillation (AFib)
Cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.
Cardiac Arrest
Sudden cessation if cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (CPR)
Coarctation of the aorta
Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta.
Congenital heart disease
Heart abnormality present at birth
Coronary artery disease (CAD)
Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to denying the heart tissue sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally
Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
Condition if thrombus in a deep vein of the body.
Hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
Heart failure (HF)
Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
Intermittent claudication
Pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
Ischemia
Condition of deficient blood flow die to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel
Mitral valve stenosis
Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever
Myocardial infarction (MI)
Death (necrosis) if a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
Rheumatic heart disease
Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
Varicose Veins
Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
Anemia
Condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes
Embolus (pl. emboli)
Blood cot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.
Hemophilia
Inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII
Leukemia
Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow
Sepsis
Condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection.
Hodgkin disease
Malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes
Infectious mononucleosis
Acute infection by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever.
Aneurysmectomy
Surgical excision of an aneurysm
Cardiac pacemaker
Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries
Coronary stent
Supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery
Embolectomy
Surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it
Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)
Device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm.
Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy
Injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened
Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
Procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed
Bone marrow aspiration
procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study
Bone marrow biopsy
Procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study
Bone marrow transplant
Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor
Doppler ultrasound
Study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels
Exercise stress test
Study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill
Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)
Ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures
Cardiac catheterization
Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels
Blood pressure (BP)
Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls
Pulse
Rhythmic expansion of an artery, created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt with a fingertip.
Sphygmomanometer
Device used for measuring blood pressure
Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
Blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis
Lipid profile
Blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids in a sample of blood
Tropinin
Blood test that measures tropinin, a heart muscle enxyme
Coagulation time
Blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot
Complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)
Laboratory test for basic blood screenong that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
Hematocrit (HCT)
Blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes
Hemoglobin (Hgb)
Blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (hemoglobin) in erythrocytes
Prothrombin time (PT)
Blood test to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulation medication
Bruit
Abnormal vascular sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow though arteries or veins
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
Emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation
Defibrillation
Application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm
Extracorporeal
Occurring outside of the body
Fibrillation
Rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles
Hypercholesterolemia
Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood
Hyperlipidemia
Excessive amount of fats (lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol) in the blood
Hypertrigllyceridemia
Excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood
Hypotension
Blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90%)
Murmur
Abnormal cardiac sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart
Occlude
To close tightly, to block
Vasoconstrictor
Agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels
Vasodilator
Agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels
Vasopuncture
Procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion
Anticoagulant
Agent that slows the blood clotting process
Blood dyscrasia
Abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood
Hemorrhage
Rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding
Allergen
Environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypertensity in the body
Anaphylaxis
Exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex
Autoimmune disease
Disease caused by the body’s inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue
Immunologist
Physcian who studies and treats immune disorders
Immunology
The branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders
Vaccine
Suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity
