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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10- Words Not Built From Word Parts > Flashcards

Chapter 10- Words Not Built From Word Parts Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
0
Q

Aneurysm

A

Ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall

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1
Q

Acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

A

Sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infraction

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2
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.

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3
Q

Arrythmia

A

Any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern

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4
Q

Atrial fibrillation (AFib)

A

Cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.

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5
Q

Cardiac Arrest

A

Sudden cessation if cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (CPR)

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6
Q

Coarctation of the aorta

A

Congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta.

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7
Q

Congenital heart disease

A

Heart abnormality present at birth

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8
Q

Coronary artery disease (CAD)

A

Condition that reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries to the myocardium that may progress to denying the heart tissue sufficient oxygen and nutrients to function normally

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9
Q

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

Condition if thrombus in a deep vein of the body.

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10
Q

Hypertensive heart disease (HHD)

A

Disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure

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11
Q

Heart failure (HF)

A

Condition in which there is an inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen

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12
Q

Intermittent claudication

A

Pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking

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13
Q

Ischemia

A

Condition of deficient blood flow die to constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel

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14
Q

Mitral valve stenosis

A

Narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring, usually caused by episodes of rheumatic fever

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15
Q

Myocardial infarction (MI)

A

Death (necrosis) if a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply

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16
Q

Rheumatic heart disease

A

Damage to the heart muscle or heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever

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17
Q

Varicose Veins

A

Distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities

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18
Q

Anemia

A

Condition in which there is a reduction in the number of erythrocytes

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19
Q

Embolus (pl. emboli)

A

Blood cot or foreign material, such as air or fat, that enters the blood stream and moves until it lodges at another point in the circulation.

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20
Q

Hemophilia

A

Inherited bleeding disease most commonly caused by a deficiency of coagulation factor VIII

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21
Q

Leukemia

A

Malignant disease characterized by excessive increase in abnormal leukocytes formed in the bone marrow

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22
Q

Sepsis

A

Condition in which pathogenic microorganisms, usually bacteria, enter the bloodstream, causing a systemic inflammatory response to the infection.

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23
Q

Hodgkin disease

A

Malignant disorder of the lymphatic tissue characterized by progressive enlargement of the lymph nodes, usually beginning in the cervical nodes

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24
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

Acute infection by the Epstein-Barr virus characterized by swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, fatigue, and fever.

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25
Q

Aneurysmectomy

A

Surgical excision of an aneurysm

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26
Q

Cardiac pacemaker

A

Battery-powered apparatus implanted under the skin with leads placed on the heart or in the chamber of the heart

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27
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)

A

Surgical technique to bring a new blood supply to heart muscle by detouring around blocked arteries

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28
Q

Coronary stent

A

Supportive scaffold device placed in the coronary artery

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29
Q

Embolectomy

A

Surgical removal of an embolus or clot, usually with a balloon catheter, inflating the balloon beyond the clot, then pulling the balloon back to the incision and bringing the clot with it

30
Q

Implantable cardiac defibrillator (ICD)

A

Device implanted in the body that continuously monitors the heart rhythm.

31
Q

Intracoronary thrombolytic therapy

A

Injection of a medication either intravenously or intraarterially to dissolve blood clots in the coronary arteries before they become hardened

32
Q

Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)

A

Procedure in which a balloon is passed through a blood vessel into a coronary artery to the area where plaque is formed

33
Q

Bone marrow aspiration

A

procedure to aspirate a sample of the liquid portion of the bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study

34
Q

Bone marrow biopsy

A

Procedure to obtain a sample of bone marrow, usually from the ilium, for study

35
Q

Bone marrow transplant

A

Infusion of healthy bone marrow cells to a recipient with matching cells to a recipient with matching cells from a donor

36
Q

Doppler ultrasound

A

Study that uses high-frequency sound waves for detection of blood flow within the vessels

37
Q

Exercise stress test

A

Study that evaluates cardiac function during physical stress by riding a bike or walking on a treadmill

38
Q

Transesophageal echocardiogram (TEE)

A

Ultrasound test that examines cardiac function and structure by using an ultrasound probe placed in the esophagus, which provides views of the heart structures

39
Q

Cardiac catheterization

A

Diagnostic procedure performed by passing a catheter into the heart through a blood vessel to examine the condition of the heart and surrounding blood vessels

40
Q

Blood pressure (BP)

A

Pressure exerted by the blood against the blood vessel walls

41
Q

Pulse

A

Rhythmic expansion of an artery, created by the contraction of the heart, that can be felt with a fingertip.

42
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Device used for measuring blood pressure

43
Q

Creatine phosphokinase (CPK)

A

Blood test used to measure the level of creatine phosphokinase, an enzyme of heart and skeletal muscle released into the blood after muscle injury or necrosis

44
Q

Lipid profile

A

Blood test used to measure the amount and type of lipids in a sample of blood

45
Q

Tropinin

A

Blood test that measures tropinin, a heart muscle enxyme

46
Q

Coagulation time

A

Blood test to determine the time it takes for blood to form a clot

47
Q

Complete blood count (CBC) and differential count (Diff)

A

Laboratory test for basic blood screenong that measures various aspects of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

48
Q

Hematocrit (HCT)

A

Blood test to measure the volume of erythrocytes

49
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A

Blood test used to determine the concentration of oxygen-carrying components (hemoglobin) in erythrocytes

50
Q

Prothrombin time (PT)

A

Blood test to determine certain coagulation activity defects and to monitor anticoagulation therapy for patients taking Coumadin, an oral anticoagulation medication

51
Q

Bruit

A

Abnormal vascular sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow though arteries or veins

52
Q

Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)

A

Emergency procedure consisting of external cardiac compressions and artificial ventilation

53
Q

Defibrillation

A

Application of an electric shock to the myocardium through the chest wall to restore normal cardiac rhythm

54
Q

Extracorporeal

A

Occurring outside of the body

55
Q

Fibrillation

A

Rapid, quivering, noncoordinated contractions of the atria or ventricles

56
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Excessive amount of cholesterol in the blood

57
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

Excessive amount of fats (lipids, triglycerides, and cholesterol) in the blood

58
Q

Hypertrigllyceridemia

A

Excessive amount of triglycerides in the blood

59
Q

Hypotension

A

Blood pressure that is below normal (less than 90%)

60
Q

Murmur

A

Abnormal cardiac sound heard through auscultation, caused by turbulent blood flow through the heart

61
Q

Occlude

A

To close tightly, to block

62
Q

Vasoconstrictor

A

Agent or nerve that narrows the blood vessels

63
Q

Vasodilator

A

Agent or nerve that enlarges the blood vessels

64
Q

Vasopuncture

A

Procedure used to puncture a vein with a needle to remove blood, instill a medication, or start an intravenous infusion

65
Q

Anticoagulant

A

Agent that slows the blood clotting process

66
Q

Blood dyscrasia

A

Abnormal or pathologic condition of the blood

67
Q

Hemorrhage

A

Rapid loss of blood, as in bleeding

68
Q

Allergen

A

Environmental substance capable of producing an immediate hypertensity in the body

69
Q

Anaphylaxis

A

Exaggerated, life-threatening reaction to a previously encountered antigen such as bee venom, peanuts, or latex

70
Q

Autoimmune disease

A

Disease caused by the body’s inability to distinguish its own cells from foreign bodies, thus producing antibodies that attack its own tissue

71
Q

Immunologist

A

Physcian who studies and treats immune disorders

72
Q

Immunology

A

The branch of medicine dealing with immune system disorders

73
Q

Vaccine

A

Suspension of inactivated microorganisms administered by injection, mouth, or nasal spray to prevent infectious diseases by inducing immunity

Medical Terminology (25 decks)

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