Chapter 10 Vocab: Cell Division and Mitosis

Question 1

Define Cell division

Answer 1

The process whereby a preexisting cell divides to form two new cells. Cell division enables an organism to grow, reproduce, and repair damaged tissues and organs

Question 2

Define Cytokinesis

Answer 2

Division of the cytoplasm into two daughter cells following nuclear division in mitosis or meiosis

Question 3

Define Cell cycle

Answer 3

The sequence of events during which a cell experiences a period of growth followed by nuclear division and cytokinesis

Question 4

Define Meiosis

Answer 4

The division of diploid cells to haploid progeny, consisting of two sequential rounds of nuclear and cellular division

Question 5

Define Meiosis I

Answer 5

The first division of the meiotic cell cycle in which homologous chromosomes pair and undergo an exchange of chromosome segments and then the homologous chromosomes separate resulting in two cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes and with each chromosome still consisting of two chromatids

Question 6

Define Meiosis I

Answer 6

The first division of the meiotic cell cycle in which homologous chromosomes pair and undergo an exchange of chromosome segments and then the homologous chromosomes separate resulting in two cells, each with the haploid number of chromosomes and with each chromosome still consisting of two chromatids

Question 7

Define Meiosis II

Answer 7

The second division of the meiotic cell cycle in which the sister chromatids in each of the two cells produced by meiosis I separate and segregate into different cells, resulting in four cells each with the haploid number of chromosomes

Question 8

Define Chromosomes

Answer 8

In eukaryotic cells, a linear structure composed of a single DNA molecule complexed with protein. Each eukaryotic species has a characteristic number of chromosomes in the nucleus. Most prokaryotes have a single, usually circular chromosome with few or no associated proteins

Question 9

Define Haploid

Answer 9

An organism or cell with only one copy of each type of chromosome in its nuclei

Question 10

Define Ploidy

Answer 10

The number of sets of chromosomes in a cell, or in the cells of an organism. This was taken from an outside source

Question 11

Define Chromatin

Answer 11

A complex of DNA and proteins in eukaryotic nucleus

Question 12

Define Nucleosome

Answer 12

The basic structural unit of chromatin in eukaryotes, consisting of DNA wrapped around a histone core

Question 13

Define Linker

Answer 13

A short segment of DNA extending between one nucleosome and the next in a eukaryotic chromosome

Question 14

Define 10-nm Chromatin fiber

Answer 14

The most fundamental level of chromatin packing of a eukaryotic chromosome in which DNA winds for almost two turns around an eight protein nucleosome core particle to form a nucleosome and linker DNA extends between adjacent nucleosomes. The result is a beads on a string type of structure with a 10-nm diameter

Question 15

Define 30-nm Chromatin fiber

Answer 15

Level of chromatin packing of a eukaryotic chromosome in which histone H1 binds to the 10-nm chromatin fiber causing it to package into a coiled structure about 30-nm in diameter and with about six nucleosomes per turn. Also referred to as a solenoid

Question 16

Define Solenoid

Answer 16

The