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Biology > Chapter 10 Vocab Cards > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Vocab Cards Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

virulent

A

disease-causing

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2
Q

transformation

A

transfer of genetic material from one cell to another cell or from one organism to another organism

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3
Q

bacteriophage

A

viruses that infect bacteria

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4
Q

nucleotide

A

consists of three parts: five-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

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5
Q

deoxyribose

A

five-carbon sugar in a DNA molecule

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6
Q

nitrogenous base

A

contains nitrogen and carbon atoms

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7
Q

purine

A

nitrogenous bases that have a double ring of carbon; adenine and guanine

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8
Q

pyrimidine

A

nitrogenous bases that have a single ring of carbon; cytosine and thymine

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9
Q

base-pairing rules

A

cytosine pairs with guanine and adenine with thymine

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10
Q

base sequence

A

the order of nitrogenous bases on a chain of DNA

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11
Q

DNA replication

A

the process by which DNA is copied in a cell before a cell divides by mitosis, meiosis, binary fission

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12
Q

helicase

A

enzymes that separate DNA strands

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13
Q

replication fork

A

y-shaped region that results when the two strands separate

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14
Q

DNA polymerase

A

enzymes that add complementary nucleotides

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15
Q

semi-conservative

A

each of the new DNA molecules has conserves one of the semi original DNA strands

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16
Q

mutaion

A

a change in the nucleotide sequence

17
Q

ribonucleic acid (RNA)

A

a nucleic acid

18
Q

transcription

A

DNA acts as a template for the synthesis of RNA

19
Q

translation

A

RNA directs the assembly of proteins

20
Q

protein synthesis

A

forming proteins based on information in DNA and carried out by RNA

21
Q

ribose

A

the sugar in RNA

22
Q

messenger RNA (mRNA)

A

carries the instructions from a gene to make a protein

23
Q

ribosomal RNA (RRNA)

A

part of the structure of ribosomes

24
Q

transfer RNA (tRNA)

A

transfers amino acids to the ribosome to make a protein

25
Q

RNA polymerase

A

enzyme that catalyzes the formation of RNA on a DNA template; binds to a promoter

26
Q

promoter

A

specific nucleotide sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription

27
Q

termination signal

A

a specific sequence of nucleotides that marks the end of a gene

28
Q

genetic code

A

the rules that relate how a sequence of nitrogenous bases in nucleotides corresponds to a particular amino acid

29
Q

codon

A

each three-nucleotide sequence in mRNA that encodes an amino acid or signifies a start or stop signal

30
Q

anticodon

A

three nucleotides on the RNA that are complementary to the sequence of a codon in mRNA

31
Q

genome

A

the complete genetic content

Biology (2 decks)

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