Chapter 10: Vitamins

Question 1

Vitamins can be destroyed by what 3 things?

Answer 1

1. heat
2. light (ex fresh squeezed oj)
3. oxygen

Question 2

Fat soluble vitamins

Answer 2

ADEK

Question 3

water soluble vitamins

Answer 3

B and C

Question 4

Bioavailability of vitamins is influenced by what 3 things?

Answer 4

1. efficiency of digestion
2. Previous nutrient intake and nutrition status
3. preparation

Question 5

Water soluble vs. fat soluble

Absorption

Answer 5

WS: directly into blood

FS: first to lymph then blood

Question 6

Water soluble vs. fat soluble

Transport

Answer 6

WS: travel freely

FS: need transport protein

Question 7

Water soluble vs. fat soluble

Excretion

Answer 7

WS: kidneys detect and remove xs in urine

FS: remain in fat-storage sites. not readily excreted

Question 8

Water soluble vs. fat soluble

Toxicity

Answer 8

WS: possible to reach toxic levels from supplements

FS: likely to reach toxic from supps

Question 9

Water soluble vs. fat soluble

Requirements

Answer 9

WS: needed freqently

FS: Needed periodic

Question 10

How to remember the B vitamin names?

Answer 10

TRaiN

Thiamin
Riboflavin
Niacin

Question 11

Main 2 purposes of B1/thiamin

Answer 11

1. Part of the coenzyme needed to convert pyruvate to acetyl-CoA
2. Needed for nerve and muscle activity

Question 12

B1/ Thiamin deficiency called

Answer 12

Beriberi

dry form- verve damage
wet form- cardiovasvular damage and edema

Question 13

What animal product is very high in B1/thiamin?

Answer 13

pork

Question 14

Main purpose of B2 RIboflavin? Deficiency causes?

Answer 14

coenzyme in energy metabolism

deficiency causes inflammation of membranes

Question 15

Good source of B2/Riboflavin? What destroys it?

Answer 15

Dairy products

UV light destroys it

Question 16

What vitamins start with “nico”?

Answer 16

B3/Niacin

Question 17

How many structures does B3/niacin have? Purposes?

Answer 17

2; both involved in metabolism

Question 18

How do we make B3/niacin? How do they know how much we need?

Answer 18

We make it from the AA tryptophan only after protein needs met

RDA is in niacin equivalents

Question 19

B3/ Niacin Deficiency and key points

Answer 19

Pellagra

4Ds: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia, death

Question 20

Is niacin in corn?

Answer 20

Yes, but no bioavailable

Question 21

What vitamin starts with “pyri”

Answer 21

B6

Question 22

Vitamin B6 is most known for

Answer 22

protein metabolism

transfers amino groups to nonessential amino acids

stored in muscle

Question 23

White flour and rice are enriched with which 5 things?

Answer 23

1. B1
2. B2
3. B3
4. folate
5. iron

Question 24

B6 toxicity can cause

Answer 24

neurological damage

Question 25

B9/Folate vs. folic acid

Answer 25

folate- dietary folate
folic acid- synthetic folate that’s better absorbed

Question 26

Folate and ___ work hand in hand. How so?

Answer 26

B12

B12 breaks off methyl from folate to activate. that methyl then activates B12

Question 27

What are the main 2 purposes of folate?

Answer 27

1. transfers carbon compounds that convert B12 to coenzyme form
2. Synthesizes DNA and RNA

Question 28

What happens to excess folate

Answer 28

the liver puts it into bile which is then excreted or absorbed

Question 29

Folate deficiency causes? who at risk and why

Answer 29

neural tube defects and spina bifida and cleft lip

Hispanic women have a gene that requires them to have more but they get less because of masa flour

Question 30

High doses of B9/folate can obscure what

Answer 30

a B12 deficiency

Question 31

Vitamin B12 cobalamin roles

Answer 31

1. Protects nerve function
2. Protects bone health and avtivity

Question 32

who is at risk for b12 deficiency?

Answer 32

vegans bc only in animal protein