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Introduction to Criminology > Chapter 10 - Violent Crime > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Violent Crime Flashcards

1
Q

Overview

Intrumental Violence

A

Violence committed for an expressive purpose or to achieve a goal (planning)

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2
Q

Expressive Or Reactive Violence

A
  • Violence as an emotional response (passion)

Example: Provocation

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3
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Personal Traits
(Factor)

A
  • Neurological impairment (correlated with impulsive violence)
  • Psychotic symptoms (A delusion)
  • Psychopathy, Antisocial Personality
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4
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Ineffective Families
(Factor)

A
  • Abuse-Violence Relationship
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5
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Evolutionary Factors/ Human Instinct

A
  • Freud: Eros (the idea of love), Thanotas (death)

Example: Hydraulic Model (the idea that because we have a drive towards death, we are ingerently all violent and it builds up like a hydraulic model)

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6
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Cultural Values
(Factor)

A

Violent Subcultures

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7
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Regional Values

A
  • Honor Culture

Examples
* Southern United States
* Appalachian Mountains
* The Violent South: Culture of Honor, Social Disorganization, and Murder in Appalachia

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8
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Substance Abuse
(Factor)

A

Psychopharmacological effect (the effect drugs have on your central nervous system)

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9
Q

Root Causes of Violent Crime

Firearm Availability

A

Facilitating Factor

Example: Firearm’s registry

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10
Q

Regional Values

A

Inter-regional differences in homicide rates

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11
Q

Sexual Violence

Sexual Violence

A
  • a threatened, attempted, or actual sexual act against another person without their consent
  • Gendered Violence
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12
Q

Sexual Violence

Prevalence Rates
(Characteristic)

A
  • Canada 5 per 1000 (Men): 37 per 1000 (Women)
  • Similar prevalence rates for the United States and England
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13
Q

Sexual Violence

Characteristics of Sex Offenders

A
  • Most sex offenders are male (approx. 90%)
  • Alcohol and/or Drugs
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14
Q

Sexual Violence

Victims of Sexual Violence
(Characteristic)

A
  • Women (approx. 85%)
  • Victim usually knows the perpetrator
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15
Q

Male Socialization
(Cause)

A
  • Rape Myths: the idea that some people or learn that if some people say no, they are playing hard to get
  • Cognitive Schemas: (another term for rape myths) in your brain you have developed blueprints, norms, overtime you organize information
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16
Q

Sexual Violence

Social Learning
(Cause)

A
  • Violent media and desensitization
  • Horror film violence

Example: The Final Girl

17
Q

Sexual Violence

Sexual Motivation

A

Paraphilia (Mental Disorder)

18
Q

Sexual Violence and the law

Marital Exemption

A
  • Prohibition of prosecuting husbands for sexual assault of their spouse
19
Q

Sexual Violence and The Law

Corroboration

A
  • The backing up of a claim of sexual assault by a third party
  • No longer required (1983)
20
Q

Sexual Violence and The Law

Consent

A
  • Not required for any other crime
  • Cross-Examination
21
Q

Sexual Violence and The Law

Shield Laws

A
  • Legislation designed to protect sexual assault victims by prohibiting a defence attorney from inquiring about prior sexual relationships
22
Q

Homicide

First-Degree

A

Planned and deliberate

Example: a parents life insurance policy

23
Q

Homicide

Second-Degree

A

Heat of the moment

Example: finding your partner cheating, leads to a fight and results in a death

24
Q

Manslaughter

A
  • A homicide committed without intention to cause death, but intent to cause harm
  • Different fro second-degree because the person who initiated the fight did not have the intent to kill
25
Q

Patterns of Homicid

Homicide in Canada

A
  • Highest rates in territories and western provinces
  • Lowest rates in Atlantic provinces

Metropolitan - Thunder Bay

26
Q

Patterns of Homicide

Homicide Victims

A
  • Males over 18 years of age
  • 4 out of 5 knew the perpetrator
  • 34% acquaintance, 33% family member, 19% stranger
27
Q

Patterns of Homicide

Method of Killing

A
  • Shooting
  • Stabbing
  • Beating
28
Q

Multiple Murder

Mass Murder

A
  • An incident of multiple murder wherein three or more victims are murdered in a single geographic location with no cooling-off period existing between the killings
29
Q

Multiple Murder

Spree Murder

A
  • The murder of three or more victims without a substantial cooling-off period between murders, usually occurring at two or three different geographic locations
30
Q

Multiple Murder

Serial Murder

A
  • The murder of a minimum of three or more victims over time with a substantial cooling-off period existing between murders
31
Q

The Organized Killer

A
  • an offender who commits crime out of a need for power

Characteristics
* Psychopathy
* Planning and premeditation
* Maintenance of control of self and victim

32
Q

The Disorganized Killer

A
  • an offender whose crimes are generallu unplanned, spotaneious attacks that reflect a sudden outburst of anger at the victims

Charateristics
* No premeditation or planning
* Extra injuries
* Use of weapons found at the crime scene
* Little to no alteration of crime scene

33
Q

Criminal Harrasment

S. 264

A
  • Repeatedly follow another person from place to place
  • Repeatedly communicate with, directly or indirectly, the other person
  • Beset or watch a place where the other person is living or working
  • Engage in threatening conduct directed at the other person or family members
34
Q

Patterns of Stalking

Victims

A
  • Women
  • Most victims are stalked by an ex-partner
35
Q

Patterns of Stalking

Offenders

A
  • Older Males
  • Difficulties with education and employment
  • Mental Health Problems
36
Q

Typology of Stalkers

The Simple Obsessional Stalker

A
  • Cases wherin the victim or stalker have some prior knowledge of one another

Characteristics
* Generally immature
* Socially incompetent and unable to maintain relationships
* Jealous, insecure, or paranoid
* Feel helpless and powerless, and have very low self-esteem

37
Q

Typology of Stalkers

The Love Obsessional Stalker

A
  • Stalking characterized by the absence of an existing relationship between the perpetrator and victim

Chacateristics
* Mental illness
* These stalkers fantasize about the victim being a romantic partner, and when that fantasy clashes with reality, the stalker often tried harder and harder to get noticed

38
Q

Typology of Stalker

The Erotomaniac Stalker

A
  • Stalking characterized by the absence of a prior relationship with victim, but where the stalker believes a relationship does exist

Characteristics:
Ertomania
* A delusion where the individual believes that another individual, usually of higher status, is in love with them

Introduction to Criminology (6 decks)

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