Chapter 10: Vertebral Column (General)

Question 1

_________ - is the main part of the axial skeleton.

Answer 1

vertebral column

Question 2

Bones that are joined by intervertebral joints to form the vertebral column is called:

Answer 2

vertebrae

Question 3

Located between each vertebrae that provides stability along with ligaments and muscles.

Answer 3

intervertebral discs

Question 4

The functions of the vertebral column are the following. Except:

1. Protects the spinal cord and spinal nerves
2. First line of defense of the body
3. Supports the weight of the body
4. Plays an important role in posture and locomotion

Answer 4

Except: 2

Question 5

What consists the vertebral column?

Answer 5

1. cervical vertebra
2. thoracic vertebra
3. lumbar vertebra
4. sacral vertebra
5. coccyx vertebra

Question 6

How many is the Cervical vertebrae?

Answer 6

7 cervical

Question 7

The following are numbers of each vertebrae that consists the vertebral column. Except:

1. 7 cervical
2. 12 thoracic
3. 6 lumbar
4. 5 sacral
5. 3 to 5 coccyx

Answer 7

Except: 6

Sometimes there can be 6 lumbar vertebra which is called lumbarization (first sacral body does not fuse (occurs in 5% of people)

Question 8

5th lumbar vertebra fuses with the sacrum, which only produce 4 lumbar vertebrae instead of 5 lumbar. This is called:

Answer 8

sacralization

Question 9

There are 23 intervertebral discs in a normal adult spine which are comprised of a core called _________ and a periphery called _________ .

Answer 9

nucleus pulposis

annulus fibrosis

Question 10

________ - are the shock absorbers of the spine and again vary in thickness and size (largest in the lumbar spine).

Answer 10

discs

Question 11

The thoracic and sacral curves are concave ________ and the cervical and lumbar curves are concave _________ .

Answer 11

anteriorly

posteriorly

Question 12

What are the main pathologies that can cause abnormal curvatures in the spine?

Answer 12

1. osteoporosis
2. hyperkyphosis
3. hyperlordosis
4. Scoliosis

Question 13

_________ - are composed of a vertebral body anteriorly and a vertebral arch posteriorly. There are processes that arise from the arch (2 transverse processes and 1 spinous process).

Answer 13

Typical Vertebrae

Question 14

What is the functions of the body of a vertebra and vertebral arch?

Answer 14

to bear weight and to protect neural tissues

Question 15

_________ - is connected to the body by the pedicles and the two pedicles are joined by the lamina.

Answer 15

vertebral arch

Question 16

The arch encloses an aperture called the ____________ , which form the vertebral canal for the spinal cord.

Answer 16

vertebral foramen

Question 17

__________ - are formed by the superior vertebral notch of one pedicle and the inferior vertebral notch of the pedicle, of the same vertebrae.

Answer 17

intervertebral foramen

Question 18

___________ - are near the junction of the pedicle and the lamina.

Answer 18

articular processes

Question 19

__________ and ________articular facets form joints between the vertebrae and provide more stability.

Answer 19

Superior

inferior

Question 20

The ________ and _________ processes are designed for muscle and ligament attachments to act as levers for movement of the vertebral column.

Answer 20

spinous

transverse