Chapter 10 - Types of chemical reaction Flashcards
What are synthesis reactions?
Reactions in which two or more substances, often elements, combine to form a new substance.
Do metals react with other metals?
No.
Do metals react chemically with other metals?
No.
Do Non-metals in the top right hand corner of the periodic table will react with most metals to form ionic compounds?
Yes.
What is a decomposition reaction?
Reactions in which a compound is decomposed into two or more other substances, which may be elements or other compounds.
What is electrolysis?
The process in which an electric current is passed through a liquid or solution to bring about a chemical reaction.
What is a combustion reaction?
A reaction in which elements or compounds burn in oxygen
How can compounds be decomposed?
By -
- Heating them
- Passing an electric current through them in the molten state or in solution
- Exposing them to light
What does a combustion reaction create?
Carbon dioxide and water (CO2 & H2O)
Are combustion reactions exothermic or endothermic?
Always exothermic.
What is a precipitation reaction?
When two aqueous ionic solutions are mixed.
What is the first solubility rule?
All nitrates and acetates are soluable. NO3-, CH3COO-
What is the second solubility rule?
Group 1 and ammonium salts are soluble (NH4+).
What is the fifth solubility rule?
All hydroxides are insoluble except for Rule 2, barium and calcium (slightly).
What is the third solubility rule?
All chlorides, bromides and iodides are soluble, except those of silver and lead.
What is the fourth solubility rule?
All sulfates are soluble except barium, lead, and calcium.
What is the sixth solubility rule?
All carbonates are insoluble except for Rule 2.
What is a net ionic equation?
An equation which shows the actual ions that are undergoing reaction without specifying the compounds they come from.
What is a complete ionic equation?
An equation that shows all the ions present in the reaction mixture.
What is a complete formula equation?
An equation that shows the actual compounds that were used for the reaction.
What is a spectator ion?
An ion which is present in the chemical reaction but not actually involved in the chemical change that occurs.
What is the PH of an acid?
> 7.
What is the PH of a base?
<7.
What is the PH of a neutral solution?
7.
What is an acid?
An acid is a substance that in solution produces hydrogen ions.
What is a base?
A substance that contains either the hydroxide ion or the oxide ion.
What are the properties in alkalis?
- Soapy feel
- Bitter taste
- Conduct electricity when in solution
- Change red litmus to blue (the opposite of acids)
What is an alkalis?
A base that is soluble in water.
What are anions formed from oxyacids called?
Oxyanions.
What is the reaction of an acid and a base called?
A neutralisation reaction.
What is an oxyacid?
An acid with oxygen attached to an element such as sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus or carbon.
What is the general equation for a neutralisation reaction?
Acid + Base –> salt + water
What does an acid + active metal reaction create?
Salt + Hydrogen gas
What is a salt?
An ionic compound is formed when a base reacts with an acid.
What does an acid/carbonate reaction create?
Salt + carbon dioxide + water
