Chapter 10 - The Skeletal + Muscular Systems Flashcards
Name and ‘label’ (on yourself) all the main bones of the body
Skull, vertebrae, collar bones, shoulder blades, breastbone, ribs, humerus, ulna, radius, pelvis, femur, tibia, fibula
What are the three functions of the skeleton? Explain each briefly
Support –> supports the body + gives shape
Movement –> bones together with muscles allow us to move about: muscles are attached to bones so when they contract they pull on the bones, causing movement
Protection –> many bones act as protection for soft parts of the body (skull + brain, rib cage + heart/lungs, bones of the backbone + spinal cord)
What is bone?
It’s a living tissue, and contains special bone cells, a blood supply and nerves - this means it can grow and repair itself
It also contains the mineral calcium, making it very hard and strong
What is a joint? Where is a joint formed?
Bones are connected to one another by structures called joints
A joint is formed where two or more bones meet
What is the function of joints?
In general, to allow movement
What are the three types of joint you need to know?
- Fused joints
- Ball and socket joint
- Hinged joint
Describe a fused joint
Joints where there’s no movement between the bones that meet
e.g. the bones of the skull are locked together, don’t move in relation to one another
Describe a ball + socket joint
A moveable joint which allows movement of the bones in many directions
Also known as a synovial joint as it’s cushioned by synovial fluid
e.g. between the hip bone (socket) + the top of the femur (ball)
e.g. the joint at the shoulder between the shoulder blade and the top of the humerus
Describe a hinged joint
Allows for movement in only one direction
Also known as a synovial joint as it’s cushioned by synovial fluid
e.g. at the knee between the femur + the tibia
e.g. at the elbow between the end of the humerus + the ulna
How are the bones at a joint held together?
Tough elastic fibres called ligaments
How are the bones at a joint prevented from rubbing off one another?
- a pad of cartilage
- a lubricating fluid called synovial fluid
What do ligaments do?
Connect bone to bone
How are muscles connected to bones?
Non-elastic fibres called tendons - really extensions of muscles
What to tendons do?
Connect muscle to bone
What are antagonistic (pairs of) muscles?
Pairs of muscles which work opposite one another
