Chapter 10 - The Nervous System and the Eye

Question 1

The nervous system and the endocrine system work together to….

Answer 1

Maintain the internal environment in the human body (aka homeostasis)

Question 2

What does the nervous system use to coordinate activities in the body?

Answer 2

Nerve impulses

Question 3

What does the endocrine system depend on for effective coordination of activities?

Answer 3

Hormones

Question 4

Homeostasis is carried out by the nervous system, which involves what stages?

Answer 4

Stimulus –> Receptor –> Reflex/Control centre –> Effector –> Response

Question 5

What does the nervous system in humans do?

Answer 5

Regulates bodily functions and activities and how we react to the surroundings

Question 6

What is the stimulus?

Answer 6

• Homeostatic control is always triggered by a stimulus
• It is a change in the environment that causes an organism to react

Question 7

What is the receptor?

Answer 7

The receptor or sense organ detects the stimulus and sends nerve impulses down the sensory neurone and relay neurone to reach the control centre

Question 8

What is the reflex centre?

Answer 8

• The brain and the spinal cord which act as a coordination centre
• After processing info, the brain or the spinal cord sends nerve impulses down the relay neurone and motor neurone to the effector (to ‘instruct’ us on how to react to the stimulus)

Question 9

What is the effector?

Answer 9

• The effector brings about a response
• The effector is a muscle (In endocrine system, effector is an endocrine gland)

Question 10

What is a response?

Answer 10

• A response is the organism’s reaction to a stimulus
• The muscles contract (n endocrine system, a gland secreted hormones)

Question 11

What is the ability to respond to a stimulus known as?

Answer 11

Sensitivity or irritability (e.g. touching a hot object [stimulus], and moving hand away [response to stimulus])

Question 12

What is the nervous system made up of?

Answer 12

1) Central nervous system
- Brain
- Spinal cord
2) Peripheral nervous system
- Cranial nerves
- Spinal nerves
- Sense organs

Question 13

In the peripheral system, how to sense organs receive stimuli?

Answer 13

They receive stimuli through receptors in the form of electrical signals or messages called nerve impulses

Question 14

How do receptors respond to specific types of stimuli?

Answer 14

Receptors are specialised cells in the sense organs that respond to specific types stimuli by converting them into nerve impulses

Question 15

The nerve impulses are then ____ to the ____ by ____

Answer 15

The nerve impulses are then transmitted to the CNS by nerves (cranial nerves and spinal nerves)

Question 16

What does the CNS do after processing?

Answer 16

The CNS transmits the information to the effectors