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Human Anatomy > Chapter 10 - The Muscular System: Axial Musculature > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - The Muscular System: Axial Musculature Flashcards

0
Q

Posterior belly

A
  • anterior muscle of the neck - digastric - origin: from mastoid region of temporal bone - insertion: hyoid bone - action: depresses mandible, opens mouth, elevates the larynx
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1
Q

Anterior belly

A
  • anterior muscle of the neck - digastric - origin: inferior surface of mandible at the chin - insertion: hyoid bone - action: depresses mandible, opens mouth, elevates the larynx
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2
Q

Geniohyoid

A
  • anterior muscle of the neck - origin: medial surface of mandible at chin - insertion: hyoid bone - action: depresses the mandible, opens the mouth, elevates the larynx, retracts hyoid bone
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3
Q

Mylohyoid

A
  • anterior muscle of her neck - origin: mylohyoid line of the mandible - insertion: median connective tissue band than runs to hyoid bone - action: elevates floor of the mouth, elevates hyoid bone, depresses the mandible
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4
Q

Occipofrontalis - Frontal belly

A

Region: scalp
Origin: epicranial aponeurosis
Insertion: skin of eyebrow and bridge of nose
Action: raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Innervation: Facial Nerve N VII

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5
Q

Occipitofrontalis - occipital belly

A

Origin: superior nuchal line and adjacent region of mastoid portion of the temporal bone
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses and retracts scalp
Innervation: Facial Nerve N VII

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6
Q

Temporoparietalis

A 
Region: scalp
Origin: fascia around external ear
Insertion: epicranial aponeurosis
Action: tenses scalp, moves auricle of ear
Innervation: Facial Nerve N VII
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7
Q

Temporalis

A

Zz

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8
Q

Orbicularis oris

A 
Region: mouth
Origin: maxilla and mandible 
Insertion: lips
Action: compresses, purses lips 
Innervation: Facial Nerve N VII
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9
Q

Orbicularis oculi

A 
Region: eye
Origin: medial margin of orbit
Insertion: skin around the eyelids 
Action: closes eye
Innervation: facial nerve N VII
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10
Q

Masseter

A

Origin: zygomatic arch
Insertion: lateral surface and angle of mandibular ramus
Action: elevates mandible and closes jaws; assists in protracting and retracting the mandible and moving mandible side to side
Innervation: terminal nerve N V, mandibular branch

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11
Q

Buccinator

A

Region: mouth
Origin: alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible opposite the molar teeth
Insertion: blends into the fibres of orbicularis oris
Action: compresses cheeks
Innervation: facial nerve N VII

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12
Q

Temporalis

A

Origin: along temporal lines of skull
Insertion: Coronoid processes of mandible and the anterior border of the mandibular ramus
Action: elevates the mandible and closes jaw; assists in retracting and moving mandible from side to side
Innervation: terminal nerve N V, mandibular branch

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13
Q

Medial pterygoid

A

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate and adjacent portions of palatine bone and maxilla
Insertion: medial surface of mandibular ramus
Action: elevates the mandible and closes the jaw, or moves mandible side to side
Innervation: terminal nerve N V, mandibular branch

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14
Q

Lateral pterygoid

A

Origin: lateral pterygoid plate and greater wing of the sphenoid
Insertion: anterior part of the neck of the mandibular condyle
Action: opens the jaw, protrudes he mandible, or moves mandible side to side
Innervation: terminal nerve, N V, mandibular branch

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15
Q

Stylohyoid

A 
Region: anterior muscles of the neck
Origin: styloid process of temporal bone
Insertion: hyoid bone 
Action: elevates the larynx
Innervation: facial nerve N VII
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16
Q

Sternocleidomastoid

A

Region: anterior muscles of the neck
Origin: clavicular head attaches to the sternal end of the clavicle; sternal head attaches to the manubrium of the sternum
Insertion: mastoid region of skull and lateral portion of the superior nuchal line

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17
Q

Longus capitis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: spinal flexors
Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: base of the occipital bone
Action: together the two sides flex the neck - alone each rotates head to that side
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

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18
Q

Longus colli

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: spinal flexors
Origin: anterior surfaces of cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: transverse processes of superior cervical vertebrae
Action: flexes and rotates necks; limits hyper extension

19
Q

Splenius - capitis and cervicis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: superficial layer
Origin: spinous processes and ligaments connecting inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: mastoid process, occipital bone of skull, superior cervical vertebrae
Action: the two sides act together to extend neck; either alone rotates and laterally the neck to that side
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

20
Q

Spinalis cervicis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - Spinalis group
Origin: inferior portion of Ligamentum nuchae
Insertion: spinous process of axis
Action: extends the neck
Innervation: cervical spinal nerve

21
Q

Spinalis thoracis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - Spinalis group
Origin: spinous processes of inferior thoracic and superior lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: spinous processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column
Innervation: thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

22
Q

Longissimus capitis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - Longissimus group
Origin: transverse processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
Action: the two sides act together to extend neck; either alone rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side
Innervation: cervical and thoracic spinal nerves

23
Q

Longissimus cervicis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - longissimus
Origin: transverse processes of superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: transverse processes of middle and superior cervical vertebrae
Action: the two sides act together to extend neck; either alone rotates and laterally flexes neck to that side

24
Q

Lomgissimus thoracic

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - Longissimus
Origin: broad aponeurosis and at transverse processes of inferior thoracic and superior lumbar vertebrae; joins iliocostalis
Insertion: transverse processes of superior thoracic and lumbar vertebrae and inferior surfaces of lower 10 ribs
Action: extension of vertebral column; alone, each produces lateral flexion to that side
Innervation: thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

25
Q

Iliocostalis cervicis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - iliocostalis
Origin: superior borders of the vertebrosternal ribs near the angles
Insertion: transverse processes of middle and inferior cervical vertebrae
Action: extends or laterally flexes the neck, elevates the ribs
Innervation: cervical and superior thoracic spinal nerves

26
Q

Iliocostalis thoracis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - iliocostalis
Origin: superior borders of ribs 6 - 12 medial to the angles
Insertion: superior ribs and transverse processes of last cervical vertebra
Action: stabilizes thoracic vertebrae
Innervation: thoracic spinal nerves

27
Q

Iliocostalis lumborum

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: intermediate layer - erector spinae - iliocostalis
Origin: iliac crest, sacral crest, and lumbar spinous processes
Insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 6 - 12 near their angles
Action: extends vertebral column, depresses the ribs
Innervation: inferior thoracic nerves and lumbar spinal nerves

28
Q

Semispinalis capitis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis - Semispinalis
Origin: processes of inferior cervical and superior thoracic vertebrae
Insertion: occipital bone, between nuchal lines
Action: together the two sides extend neck; alone, each extends and laterally flexes neck and turns head
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

29
Q

Semispinalis cervicis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis - Semispinalis
Origin: transverse processes of T1 - T5
Insertion: spinous processes of C2 - C5
Action: extends vertebral column and rotates twrds the opposite side
Innervation: cervical spinal nerves

30
Q

Semispinalis thoracis

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis - Semispinalis
Origin: transverse process of T6 - T10
Insertion: spinous process of C5 - T4
Action: extends vertebral column and rotates twrd opposite side
Innvervation: thoracic spinal nerves

31
Q

Multifidus

A

Region: vertebral column
Origin: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis
Origin: sacrum and transverse process of each vertebra
Insertion: spinous process of the third or fourth more superior vertebra
Action: extends vertebral column and rotates towards the opposite side

32
Q

Rotatores - cervicis, thoracis, and lumborum

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis
Origin: transverse processes of the vertebrae I each region - cervical, thoracic and lumbar
Insertion: spinous processes of adjacent, more superior vertebrae
Action: extends vertebral column
Innvervation: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

33
Q

Interspinales

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transversopinalis
Origin: spinous process of each vertebrae
Insertion: spinous processes of more superior vertebra
Action: extends vertebral column
Innvervation: cervical, thoracic, and lumbar spinal nerves

34
Q

Intertransversarii

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: deep muscles of the spine - transverospinalis
Origin: transverse processes of each vertebra
Insertion: transverse process of more superior vertebra
Action: lateral flexion of vertebral column
Innervation: cervical, thoracic and lumbar spinal nerves

35
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Region: vertebral column
Group: spinal flexors
Origin: iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament
Insertion: last rib and transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Action: together they depress ribs; alone, each produces lateral flexion of vertebral column; fixes floating ribs (11 and 12) during forced exhalation; stabilizes diaphragm during inhalation

36
Q

External intercostals

A

Region: trunk
Group: thoracic
Origin: inferior border of each rib
Insertion: superior border of more inferior rib
Action: elevates the ribs
Innvervation: intercostal nerves, branches of the thoracic spinal nerves

37
Q

Internal intercostals

A

Region: trunk
Group: thoracic
Origin: superior border of each rib
Insertion: inferior border of the more superior rib
Action: depresses ribs
Innvervation: intercostal nerves - branches of the thoracic spinal nerves

38
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Region: trunk
Group: rectus - abdominal region
Origin: superior surface of pubis, around the symphysis
Insertion: inferior surfaces of cartilages, ribs 5 - 7 and xiphoid process of sternum

39
Q

Transversus abdomis

A

Region: trunk
Group: oblique - abdominal region
Origin: cartilages of ribs 6 - 12’ iliac crest and thoracolumnar fascia
Insertion: linea alba and pubis
Action: compresses abdomen
Innvervation: intercostal nerves 5-12, iliohypogastric, and ilioinguinal nerves

40
Q

Internal obliques

A

Region: trunk
Group: oblique group - abdominal region
Origin: thoracolumnar fascia, inguinal ligament, and iliac crest
Insertion: inferior surfaces of ribs 9-12, costal cartilages 8-10, linea alba, and pubis
Action: as above, but rotates vertebral column to same side
Innvervation: intercostal nerves 5-12, iliohypogastric, and ilioguinal nerves

41
Q

External oblique

A

Region: trunk
Group: oblique group - abdominal region
Origin: external and inferior borders of ribs 5-12
Insertion: external oblique aponeuroses extending to linea alba and iliac crest
Action: compresses abdomen; depresses ribs; flexes, laterally flexes, or rotates vertebral column to the opposite side
Innervation: intercostal nerves 5-12, iliohypogastric, and ilioguinal nerves

42
Q

Diaphragm

A

Region: trunk
Group: rectus group- thoracic region
Origin: xiphoid process, ribs 7-12 and associated costal cartilages, and anterior surfaces of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: central tendinitis sheet
Action: contraction expands thoracic cavity, compresses abdominopelvic cavity
Innervation: phrenic nerves C3 - C5

43
Q

Levator scapulae

A

Region: muscles that position of pectoral girdle
Origin: transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae
Insertion: vertebral border of scapula near superior angle and medial end of scapular spine
Action: elevates scapula
Innervation: cervical nerves C3-C4 and dorsal scapular nerve C5

44
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Region: muscles that position the pectoral girdle
Origin: anterior and superior margins of ribs 1-8
Insertion: anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
Action: protracts shoulder, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity moves superiorly (upward rotation)
Innervation: long thoracic nerve C5-C7

45
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Region: muscles that position the pectoral girdle
Origin: anterior surfaces and superior margins of ribs 3-5 or 2-4 and the fascia covering the associated external intercostal muscles
Insertion: coracoid process of scapula
Action: depresses and protracts shoulder, rotates scapula so glenoid cavity, moves inferiorly; elevates the ribs if scapula is stationary
Innervation: medial pectoral nerve C8, T1

Human Anatomy (2 decks)

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