Chapter 10 Test Study Notes Flashcards
Why is some water salty?
The reason why some water is salty is because the concentration of dissolved salts in ocean water averages 3.5 percent.
Why is some water fresh?
The reason why some water is fresh is because it contains dissolved salts, but in amounts of less than 1 percent.
What does salinity refer to?
Salinity refers to how much salt is dissolved in water.
Where is the groundwater zone?
This freshwater storage zone exists in all soils, but the depth differs from region to region.
What’s a water table?
The upper surface of the groundwater zone is called the water table.
What’s an aquifer?
An aquifer are rocks and soil layers in the ground which exist in such a way that allows large amounts of water to collect within them naturally.
What are wells?
Most rural homes and small farms drill and use wells, which are long, hollow shafts, down into aquifers to obtain fresh water.
What’s an ice sheet?
An ice sheet is a particularly large glacier that covers the land. Only two of these huge glaciers exist on Earth, one in Greenland and one in Antarctica.
What’s a polar icecap used to refer to?
The term polar icecap is sometimes used to refer to the big ice masses at the poles.
What’s a watershed?
A watershed is an area of land where all the water eventually drains into one main water body, such as a stream, river, wetland, lake, or ocean. Activities that affect water in one part of the watershed therefore have an effect downstream in the watershed.
What’s heat capacity and what does it refer to?
Heat capacity refers to the ability of a material to absorb heat. When testing a material’s heat capacity, scientists measure how long the material takes to heat up (absorb heat) and cool down (release heat).
What are the three states of water?
Liquid, solid, gas.
Where is liquid water found?
Liquid water is found both above and below the ground.
What’s surface water and how is it collected?
Surface freshwater is the water in rivers, streams, lakes, ponds, and wetlands (such as marshes and swamps). In many communities, fresh water is also collected in human-made reservoirs such as artificial lakes and water towers. Precipitation (such as rain and snow) helps keep these water bodies filled.
How is water collected underground naturally?
Underground water is called groundwater. As rainwater falls, it soaks into the soil and flows down between the soil particles. Slowly it continues draining downward through more soil and rocks until it reaches a layer that is difficult to permeate (meaning pass through). The upper surface of the groundwater zone is called the water table.