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Class 328 > Chapter 10 Structual Search and Rescue > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Structual Search and Rescue Flashcards

1
Q

Which condition specific to search and rescue operations should be communicated to crew members and/or your supervisor? (433)

A. Wind direction and speed

B. Names of victims or occupants

C. Building’s construction classification

D. Known locations of victims or occupants

A

D. Known locations of victims or occupants

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2
Q

Which basic firefighting skill serves as an essential survival skill during search and rescue operations? (434)

A. Forcing a window or cutting through debris

B. Using air monitoring devices to sample the atmosphere

C. Using a hoseline to perform hydraulic ventilation

D. Operating a portable fire extinguisher to put out an incipient fire

A

A. Forcing a window or cutting through debris

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3
Q

Under normal conditions, air management increases your work time, but if you are lost or trapped, it: (434)

A. decreases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued

B. increases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued

C. will decrease your survivable time before rescue and increase your energy output

D. will not be effective, because adrenaline and stress will drastically increase your consumption rate

A

B. increases the amount of time you can survive before escaping or being rescued

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4
Q

To be physically and mentally prepared for survival during search and rescue operations, you should: (434)

A. push yourself past your limits

B. follow orders without question

C. practice emergency exit techniques

D. allow the IC to look out for your crew members’ safety

A

C. practice emergency exit techniques

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5
Q

Panic, claustrophobia, and disorientation are effects of: (434-435)

A. pulmonary edema

B. obscured vision conditions

C. long-term exposure to radiation

D. chronic exposure to products of combustion

A

B. obscured vision conditions

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6
Q

Which situation would require a firefighter to call a MAYDAY? (435)

A. SCBA malfunction

B. Portable radio malfunction

C. Encountering a hazardous materials spill

D. Finding unidentified victims or occupants

A

A. SCBA malfunction

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7
Q

For firefighters, the environment may remain tenable as long as: (436)

A. they are wearing PPE and SCBA

B. the IC determines it is safe to remain inside

C. they are wearing the highest levels of PPE and SCBA designated for rescue operations

D. heat levels and duration of the interior operations stay within acceptable limits for the PPE and SCBA provided

A

D. heat levels and duration of the interior operations stay within acceptable limits for the PPE and SCBA provided

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8
Q

Rooms or closet areas where the door can be closed to prevent the spread of heat, smoke, and toxic gases into that space are called: (436)

A. safe havens
B. escape rooms
C. protective units
D. fireproof assemblies

A

A. safe havens

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9
Q

Why should firefighters exit the IDLH before their low-pressure alarm activates? (436)

A. The remaining air is insufficient to exit even if no emergencies occur

B. Hearing the alarm may cause panic, which will speed up air consumption

C. The remaining air is an average, not specific to each firefighter, so it may be insufficient to exit from both short and long distances

D. The remaining air is insufficient to exit from deep inside a large structure and does not take into account emergencies that may be encountered

A

D. The remaining air is insufficient to exit from deep inside a large structure and does not take into account emergencies that may be encountered

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10
Q

Which of the following is one of the three principles of air management? (437)

A. Know your point of no return

B. Always use short, quick breaths

C. Leave the structure when your cylinder reaches 50% capacity

D. Turn your SCBA off once you have found an area of safe haven

A

A. Know your point of no return

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11
Q

When should you check your SCBA gauge to see how much air you have left? (437)

A. Every two minutes

B. When the assigned area is reached

C. Every time a new area or room is reached

D. Within 30 seconds of entering an IDLH atmosphere

A

B. When the assigned area is reached

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12
Q

Your point of no return is based on: (437)

A. how many people need to be rescued

B. how many members are on the rescue team

C. the lowest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team

D. the highest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team

A

C. the lowest cylinder gauge reading of any member of the team

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13
Q

You should leave the hazard zone: (438)

A. if a PASS alarm is activated

B. at the same time as your team

C. once all victims have been rescued

D. when you reach 50% air consumption

A

B. at the same time as your team

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14
Q

Actions such as opening a bypass valve on a cylinder, sharing air, and breathing directly from the cylinder are: (438)

A. never allowed according to SOPs

B. possible solutions to air emergencies

C. suggested responses to structural collapse

D. unlikely to occur at a search and rescue operation

A

B. possible solutions to air emergencies

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15
Q

How can you help rescuers find you if you are forced to shelter in place? (439)

A. Remain in the fire compartment

B. Do not go far from your assigned area

C. Leave all doors open and marked to indicate your location

D. Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location

A

D. Shine a light through available windows to draw attention to your location

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16
Q

In which situation would firefighters likely use an air monitoring device? (440)

A. Fire in a trash container

B. A car accident requiring victim extrication

C. When assisting a high-angle rescue team

D. A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason

A

D. A medical call where multiple victims have collapsed for an unknown reason

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17
Q

Firefighters use air-monitoring devices to: (440)

A. measure ambient air temperatures

B. inspect the air inside apparatus tires

C. test the air quality in an SCBA cylinder

D. detect oxygen levels and hazardous substances

A

D. detect oxygen levels and hazardous substances

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18
Q

Which is an accurate statement about using an air-monitoring device? (441)

A. Only one type of air-monitoring device should be used at an incident

B. Air-monitoring devices must be used under the supervision of a company officer

C. If devices are used incorrectly, the safety of everyone around can be in jeopardy

D. Air-monitoring devices can only measure one type of gas, so multiple varieties are needed at each incident

A

C. If devices are used incorrectly, the safety of everyone around can be in jeopardy

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19
Q

If air monitoring indicates that the oxygen level in the atmosphere is below 19.5 percent,: (443)

A. the IC or Incident Safety Officer should be notified

B. SCBA is no longer necessary for rescuers in the area

C. the area is said to be an oxygen-enriched environment

D. respiratory protection other than SCBA must be used

A

A. the IC or Incident Safety Officer should be notified

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20
Q

An atmosphere is considered hazardous if it contains a hazardous gas in excess of 10 percent of the hazardous material’s: (443)

A. ignition range

B. flammability threshold

C. lower explosive limit (LEL)

D. upper combustible limit (UCL)

A

C. lower explosive limit (LEL)

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21
Q

A bump test is performed to: (446)

A. reset a gas detector to factory default settings

B. test the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere

C. verify that a gas detector is functioning properly

D. test the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

A

C. verify that a gas detector is functioning properly

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22
Q

The AHJ should establish action levels that describe how firefighters should respond to high- or low-level alarms while performing: (448)

A. ventilation
B. forcible entry
C. air monitoring
D. MAYDAY training

A

C. air monitoring

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22
Q

What types of tools and equipment do search and rescue personnel carry? (452)

A. Hydraulic rescue equipment

B. Power saws and hydraulic tools

C. pH meters and fluoride test paper

D. Thermal imagers and forcible entry tools

A

D. Thermal imagers and forcible entry tools

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22
Q

Before entering an IDLH environment, you must: (450)

A. don the highest level of PPE available to you

B. document the exact tools and equipment you are taking into the structure

C. ensure that your SCBA is turned on, working properly, and contains a full cylinder of air

D. estimate the total time to be spent in the structure based on your team’s average air consumption rate

A

C. ensure that your SCBA is turned on, working properly, and contains a full cylinder of air

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23
Q

In order to conduct an effective search operation, firefighters must know the: (450)

A. age of the building

B. layout or floor plan of the building

C. location of the nearest water supply

D. time the next apparatus will respond

A

B. layout or floor plan of the building

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24
Q

An advantage of using thermal imagers during search and rescue operations is: (452)

A. improved visibility in an obscured environment

B. the ability to detect fires through carpeted floors

C. the ability to see through water, glass, and other reflective surfaces

D. detection of people under or behind furniture and on the opposite side of walls

A

A. improved visibility in an obscured environment

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25
Q

One limitation of thermal imagers is that: (453)

A. they have a fairly long instrument response time

B. there are no fixed standards for interpretation of data

C. they may not be able to help improve visibility in an obscured environment

D. if a structure is carpeted, they may not be able to detect fire on the floors below

A

D. if a structure is carpeted, they may not be able to detect fire on the floors below

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26
Q

During search and rescue operations, rescuers should NOT: (453)

A. close doors during the search

B. enter a structure where survivors are not likely to be found

C. exit the building by turning in the opposite direction that was turned to enter

D. move quickly and stay close to the wall of a hallway or room when it is filled with smoke

A

B. enter a structure where survivors are not likely to be found

27
Q

If a fire is encountered in a room during search and rescue operations, rescuers should: (454)

A. close the door and report the conditions

B. mark the door with USAR-approved symbols

C. abandon the search and immediately leave the building

D. leave the door open to provide ventilation to the compartment

A

A. close the door and report the conditions

28
Q

If an exterior wall must be breached during search and rescue operations, rescue personnel: (454)

A. should maintain contact with the search line or hoseline

B. should provide the IC with a personnel accountability report (PAR)

C. must coordinate with the rapid intervention crew before making the opening

D. must coordinate with the IC and ventilation teams before making the opening

A

D. must coordinate with the IC and ventilation teams before making the opening

29
Q

Why must locating and isolating the fire be a priority before any search? (454)

A. Smoke from the fire makes performing searches more difficult

B. Property protection is a higher incident priority than life safety

C. Primary search cannot be performed until after the fire has been controlled

D. Entering to search provides a ventilation opening to the structure, which could cause fire to spread

A

D. Entering to search provides a ventilation opening to the structure, which could cause fire to spread

30
Q

Search and rescue marks should be placed: (454)

A. in the middle of the door or the middle of the opposite wall

B. on the upper third of the door or the upper third of the adjacent wall

C. in the middle of the door, in the middle of the adjacent wall, or in the middle of the adjacent stairs

D. on the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs

A

D. on the lower third of the door, the lower third of the adjacent wall, or in the landing of the adjacent stairs

31
Q

An advantage of marking with latch straps is that they: (454)

A. keep the door closed

B. prevent the door from closing

C. are more visible than other types of markers

D. are more fire resistant than other types of markers

A

B. prevent the door from closing

32
Q

A primary search is: (456)

A. performed by one person

B. not the time to rescue victims

C. a slow, thorough search conducted after the fire is under control

D. a fast, thorough search performed either before or during fire suppression operations

A

D. a fast, thorough search performed either before or during fire suppression operations

33
Q

In order to safely conduct a primary search, rescuers should: (456)

A. work in teams of two or more

B. split up to cover a larger area

C. wait to search until the fire has been extinguished

D. move slowly and check in with the IC after searching each room

A

A. work in teams of two or more

34
Q

Front Card 36:
When does the secondary search take place? (456)

A. After the fire is under control

B. As soon as resources are available

C. During fire suppression operations

D. Before fire suppression operations

A

A. After the fire is under control

34
Q

Secondary searches: (456)

A. do not require SCBA

B. use the same steps as primary searches

C. and primary searches are conducted by the same personnel

D. use different steps than the primary searches, but are just as organized

A

B. use the same steps as primary searches

35
Q

During a secondary search, rescuers should not remove SCBA until: (456)

A. the room is clear of smoke

B. there are no visible flames

C. it is determined that there are no remaining victims

D. the supervisor or safety officer determines that the atmosphere is safe

A

D. the supervisor or safety officer determines that the atmosphere is safe

36
Q

Where should you start the search on the fire floor? (457)

A. At the entrance

B. As close to the fire as possible

C. Where victims are most likely to be

D. Where victims will be easiest to rescue

A

B. As close to the fire as possible

37
Q

Which action can protect the egress pathways during a search so that the search team can escape if conditions change rapidly? (458)

A. Only allow one search team in an area at a time

B. Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched

C. Open all doors in the path to make more exit points available

D. Use an air monitoring device to check for dangerous gas levels in the compartment

A

B. Close doors along the egress path after rooms are searched

38
Q

If there is heavy smoke or extreme heat in a compartment that is being searched, rescuers should: (458)

A. stand to get a better view

B. move below the smoke level

C. attempt to extinguish the fire

D. check the heat signature with a thermal imager

A

B. move below the smoke level

39
Q

Why should personnel search behind doors and on the floor below windows? (460)

A. Visibility and air quality are best in these places

B. These places must be marked in the primary search

C. Occupants are most likely to find shelter in these places

D. Smoke may overcome occupants while they are trying to escape

A

C. Occupants are most likely to find shelter in these places

40
Q

In which search method does the leader remain at a fixed point while searching team members spread out through a room to complete a search? (461)

A. VEIS method

B. Shelter-in-place method

C. Oriented-search method

D. Wide-area search method

A

C. Oriented-search method

41
Q

Which search method employs the use of markers such as knots at regular intervals along the search line to indicate distance from the beginning of the search line? (461)

A. VEIS method

B. Self-evacuation method

C. Oriented-search method

D. Wide-area search method

A

D. Wide-area search method

42
Q

During a wide-area search, every team member is equipped with a: (463)

A. tether line.

B. thermal imager.

C. backup SCBA cylinder.

D. high-capacity SCBA cylinder.

A

A. tether line

43
Q

A minimum of _____ firefighters are needed to perform VEIS if using a ladder. (464)

A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four

A

C. three

44
Q

The four steps involved in VEIS are: (465)

A. vent, exit, isolate, save.

B. vent, enter, isolate, search.

C. vent, enter, isolate, substitute.

D. victim location, evacuation, isolate, search.

A

B. vent, enter, isolate, search

45
Q

VEIS is only intended for: (465)

A. larger structural searches.

B. rooms in the interior of the structure.

C. rapid rescue of victims and the isolation of individual rooms.

D. rooms that are involved with the fire or show conditions of flashover.

A

C. rapid rescue of victims and the isolation of individual rooms

46
Q

What is a rescuer’s role in occupant self-evacuation? (465)

A. Treating injured victims

B. Keeping bystanders out of the safe haven area

C. Establishing a safe haven away from the structure

D. Moving victims to a protected location inside the structure

A

C. Establishing a safe haven away from the structure

47
Q

In which location would sheltering-in-place likely be used instead of evacuation? (466)

A. Hospital
B. Daycare center
C. Open-air market
D. Low-rise apartment building

A

A - Hospital

48
Q

Which type of carry or drag is commonly used for children, but is not practical for unconscious adults? (466)

A. Incline drag

B. Webbing drag

C. Extremities lift/carry

D. Cradle-in-arms lift/carry

A

D. Cradle-in-arms lift/carry

49
Q

A “MAYDAY” is called when: (467)

A. there is a partial roof collapse.

B. unconscious victims are located.

C. a firefighter is in immediate danger.

D. hazardous materials are found in a structure.

A

C. a firefighter is in immediate danger

50
Q

If you think your life is in immediate danger, transmit the MAYDAY signal and then: (468)

A. call the rapid intervention crew.

B. provide personnel accountability report.

C. activate your PASS device before communicating your situation to the IC.

D. communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device.

A

D. communicate your situation to the IC before activating your PASS device

51
Q

Which of the following actions should be taken immediately when MAYDAY is broadcast? (469)

A. The MAYDAY crew is dispatched to locate the downed firefighter.

B. All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed.

C. Personnel near the downed firefighter should proceed to assist with rescue.

D. All assigned units are directed to assist with searching for the firefighter who has broadcast the MAYDAY.

A

B. All radio traffic ceases and only traffic relating to the MAYDAY is allowed.

52
Q

If you are near the downed firefighter when a MAYDAY transmission is made: (469)

A. exit the area immediately.

B. immediately ventilate the area.

C. immediately rush to assist with the rescue.

D. listen closely for your orders after the transmission and do not freelance.

A

D. listen closely for your orders after the transmission and do not freelance.

53
Q

When any evacuation signal is given, all exiting crews must: (469)

A. activate their personal alert safety system (PASS) devices.

B. proceed to a designated safe area outside the collapse zone.

C. confirm the evacuation order with the IC before exiting the structure.

D. ensure that all victims have been evacuated before leaving the structure.

A

B. proceed to a designated safe area outside the collapse zone.

54
Q

How does staying low to the floor improve survivability? (470)

A. It allows you to exit a structure more quickly

B. It removes toxins such as carbon monoxide (CO)

C. Temperatures are cooler and air may be less contaminated

D. This places a barrier between you and the fire, allowing you more time to find an egress point

A

C. Temperatures are cooler and air may be less contaminated

55
Q

Escaping to a safe haven is the best option when: (470)

A. your low-pressure alarm sounds.

B. the primary search has been completed.

C. the rest of your team is in the hazard zone.

D. there is imminent threat of structural collapse.

A

D. there is imminent threat of structural collapse.

56
Q

What is the best option when rapid fire development is about to occur? (470)

A. Shelter in place

B. Escape to a safe haven

C. Remain in place and use the hoseline for protection

D. Advance to the seat of the fire to extinguish it before it grows

A

B. Escape to a safe haven

57
Q

Which coupling on a hoseline will indicate you are headed toward an egress point? (471)

A. Male
B. Joint
C. Bypass
D. Female

A

a. Male

58
Q

When you are seeking to escape and you locate a window, you should: (472)

A. use an escape rope to descend from the window.

B. break the window glass using heavy furniture in the room.

C. break the glass and lower yourself to the ground head first.

D. ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse.

A

D. ask Command if opening the window will make interior conditions worse.

59
Q

Why is breaching interior walls not a preferred method of escape? (472)

A. It inflicts too much damage on the structure.

B. It could cause possible harm to victims sheltering in the next room.

C. It requires specialized tools and requires responders to remove SCBA.

D. It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path.

A

D. It requires strength, depletes air supply, and creates an additional flow path.

60
Q

What should you do if you become entangled while trying to evacuate a building? (473)

A. Remove your SCBA and cut the wires

B. Contact the rapid intervention crew by radio

C. Wait calmly for another firefighter to find you

D. Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself

A

D. Broadcast a MAYDAY, then attempt to free yourself

61
Q

What is the purpose of a rapid intervention crew (RIC)? (473)

A. Perform a primary search

B. Perform a secondary search

C. Rescue injured or trapped victims

D. Rescue injured or trapped firefighters

A

D. Rescue injured or trapped firefighters

62
Q

Which acronym describes the mandatory tools carried by a rapid intervention crew? (473)

A. AWARE – Air, Water, A Radio, Extrication

B. AWAKE – Air, Water, Axe, K-tool, Extrication

C. PATH – PPE, Axe, Thermal Imager, Flashlight

D. PART– PPE, Air monitoring equipment, Radio, Thermal Imager

A

A. AWARE – Air, Water, A Radio, Extrication

63
Q

While in a structure searching for a downed firefighter, the RIC should: (474)

A. start the search closest to the fire.

B. stop frequently and briefly remain silent.

C. open closed doors in order to prevent backdraft.

D. radio to Command as they head from one room to another.

A

B. stop frequently and briefly remain silent.

64
Q

A tracking device set to search mode: (474)

A. is only activated when a PASS device fails.

B. displays the distance and direction toward another receiver.

C. will not transmit a signal through walls, floors, or other solid objects.

D. makes noise to alert rescuers to the downed firefighter’s location.

A

B. displays the distance and direction toward another receiver

65
Q

After locating a downed firefighter in an IDLH atmosphere, what is the RIC’s priority? (474)

A. Extinguishing the fire

B. Rescuing other victims
C. Exiting the IDLH atmosphere
D. Stabilizing the firefighter’s injuries

A

C. Exiting the IDLH atmosphere

66
Q

When removing a firefighter with functioning SCBA from a hazardous location: (475)

A. connect the firefighter’s facepiece to another SCBA.

B. reconnect the firefighter’s facepiece to the SCBA tank.

C. move the firefighter carefully so as not to dislodge the mask.

D. remove the firefighter’s facepiece and inspect it before continuing.

A

C. move the firefighter carefully so as not to dislodge the mask.

Class 328 (10 decks)

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