Chapter 10: Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination Flashcards
Auto-stereotypes
a stereotype that one holds about one’s own group
Aversive prejudice
conscious endorsement of unprejudiced beliefs about a group while at the same time holding unconscious negative attitudes toward the group
Benevolent sexism
having positive, but patronizing, views of women
Confirmation bias
the tendency to search for information that supports one’s initial view
Discrimination
behaviour directed against people solely because of their membership in a particular group
Cross-ethnic identification bias
the tendency to see out-group members as looking very similar to one another, and showing greater accuracy for recognizing in-group members than out-group members
Hetero-stereotypes
stereotypes about other groups
Hostile sexism
feelings of hostility toward women based on their threat to men’s power
Illusory correlation
the tendency to overestimate the association between variables that are only slightly or not at all correlated
In-group favouritism
the tendency to evaluate one’s in-group more positively than out-groups
Meta-stereotype
a person’s beliefs about the stereotypes that out-group members hold about the person’s own group
Out-group homogeneity effect
people’s tendency to underestimate the variability of out-group members compared to the variability of in-group members
Perceptual confirmation
the tendency to see things in line with one’s expectations
Prejudice
hostile or negative feelings about people based on their membership in a certain group
Rejection-identification model
a model that proposes that people in disadvantaged groups experience a negative impact on their wellbeing when they perceive prejudice and discrimination against themselves
Reverse discrimination
preferential treatment of people in stereotyped groups
Shifting standards model
a model that posits that people within a group are more often compared to others within that group rather than to people in other groups
Social categorization
the practice of classifying people into in-groups based on attributes that the person has in common with the in-group or out-group
Social dominance orientation (SDO)
a personality variable that shows preference for maintaining hierarchy both within groups and between groups
Stereotype
a belief that associates a whole group of people with a certain trait
Stereotype threat
the fear that one’s behaviour may confirm an existing cultural stereotype, which then disrupts one’s performance
Subcategorization
the maintenance of prior beliefs by creating separate categories for people who disconfirm these stereotypes
Ultimate attribution error
an error in which people make dispositional attributions for negative behaviour and situational attributions for positive behaviour by out-group members, yet show the reverse attributions for successes and failures for their in-group members
