chapter 10 socioemotional development late childhood

Question 1

Children 8 to 11 describe themselves

Answer 1

in terms of psychological characteristics and traits.
“popular, nice, smart, dumb”

Question 2

Perspective talking

Answer 2

social cognitive process involving assumption of perspective of others and understanding their thoughts

Question 3

Self esteem

Answer 3

global eval of self. Can be called selfworth or self-image

Question 4

Self concept

Answer 4

domain –specific eval of self . Eg. Evaluation of your academic, athletic characteristics

Question 5

Self-Efficacy

Answer 5

The belief that one can ,master a situation or
produce favorable outcomes
“I can”
influences student’s choice of activities

Question 6

Self-regulation is facilitated by

Answer 6

prefrontal cortex

Question 7

Industry Vs. Inferiority

Answer 7

4th Erikson Stage, middle and late childhood
Industry: Child becomes interested in how things
are made, how things work. (fixing/building things)
Inferiority: occurs when these explorations are
discouraged or fail.

Question 8

Recommendations for caregivers caring for children after disaster

Answer 8

Reassure children of their safety (numerous times)
Allow children to retell events and be patient listening
Encourage children to talk about disturbing or confusing feelings , reassuring that these feelings are normal after an event
Protect child from re-exposure or reminders of trauma
Help children make sense of what happened

Question 9

Kohlberg’s stages of development

Answer 9

3 levels of moral thinking
Each level has 2 stages
Key element in graduating through stages and
levels is that morality becomes more internal

Question 10

Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning
Stage 1: Heteronomous Morality

Answer 10

Moral thinking is tied to punishment
Eg. Children obey adults because adults tell them to obey

Question 11

Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning
Stage 2:Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and
exchange

Answer 11

Individuals pursue their own interests but let others do the same
Eg. People are nice to others so that others will be nice to them

Question 12

Level 2: Conventional Reasoning

Answer 12

Individuals abide by certain standards or standards of others

Question 13

Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
Stage 3:Mutual interpersonal expectations

Answer 13

Value of trust, caring and loyalty as basis of moral
judgement
Children adopt their parents moral standards

Question 14

Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
Stage 4: social system morality

Answer 14

Moral judgement based on understanding social order, law.
Law protects community

Question 15

Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning

Answer 15

Morality is more internal

Question 16

Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
Stage 5: social contract

Answer 16

Individuals reason that values, rights and principles inform law
Person evaluates the validity of actual laws and examines social systems

Question 17

Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
Stage 6:Universal Ethical principles

Answer 17

Moral development is based on human rights
When faces with conflict between conscious and law,
person will follow conscience even tough decision may be a risk

Question 18

What Influences on Kohlberg’s stages?

Answer 18

Experiences dealing with moral questions and moral conflicts
Peer interaction and perspective taking
Disequilibrium may increase moral development

Question 19

Moral development: Domain Theory

Answer 19

States that there are different domains of social knowledge and reasoning
Moral reasoning, social reasoning, personal reasoning

Question 20

Social conventional reasoning

Answer 20

Focuses on conventional rules that maintain a social system
Concepts of social organization
Eg. Raising hand, using one side of the staircase to go up or down, not cutting lines

Question 21

Moral reasoning

Answer 21

Focuses on ethical issues and rules or morality
Obligatory rules, widely accepted and almost impersonal
Concepts of justice
Eg. Lying, cheating, harming

Question 22

Moral identity

Answer 22

Individuals relate to themselves when constructing moral categories.
Violating their moral commitment places self integrity at risk

Question 23

Moral character

Answer 23

Willpower and desire to stand up for themselves , overcome pressures and distraction’s
Honesty, truthfulness, loyalty

Question 24

Moral exemplars

Answer 24

Moral personality , identity characters reflect moral excellence

Question 25

Gender stereotypes

Answer 25

broad categories that reflect general impressions and beliefs about males and females

Question 26

Gender similarities and differences

Answer 26

Physical development.
Cognitive development.
Socioemotional development

Question 27

Androgyny

Answer 27

presence of positive masculine and feminine characteristics in the same person
* Androgynous individuals are more flexible,
competent and mentally healthy than
masculine or feminine counterparts

Question 28

Parents as managers

Answer 28

Parents manage children’s opportunities, monitor
behavior, and initiate social contact; more mother’s role
than father’s.

Question 29

Attachment in families

Answer 29

Becomes more sophisticated since children’s social
world involves peers, teachers and others
Children spend less time with parents.
Social worlds expand

Question 30

Secure attachment: Associated with

Answer 30

Lower levels of Anxiety, Depression
Higher levels of Emotional regulation, Recognizing emotions

Question 31

Popular children

Answer 31

frequently nominated as a best friend and rarely disliked by peers

Question 32

Average children

Answer 32

receive an average number of both positive and negative peer nominations

Question 33

Neglected children

Answer 33

infrequently nominated as a best friend but not disliked by peers

Question 34

Rejected children

Answer 34

infrequently nominated as a best friend and actively disliked by peer

Question 35

Controversial children

Answer 35

frequently nominated both as someone’s best friend and also disliked by peers

Question 36

Bullying

Answer 36

Verbal or physical behavior intended to disturb someone less powerful.
Most likely to be bullied: boys, anxious, awkward, withdrawn, and younger middle school students

Question 37

Constructivist approach

Answer 37

learner-centered approach emphasizes the importance of individuals actively constructing their own knowledge and understanding with guidance from a teacher

Question 38

Direct instruction approach

Answer 38

structured, teacher-centered approach characterized by
● Teacher direction and control.
● Mastery of academic skills.
● High expectations for students’ progress.
● Maximum time spent on learning tasks.
● Efforts to keep negative effects to a minimum.

Question 39

Fixed mindset

Answer 39

belief that qualities are set in stone

Question 40

Growth mindset

Answer 40

belief that qualities can change and improve through efforts