chapter 10 socioemotional development late childhood Flashcards
Children 8 to 11 describe themselves
in terms of psychological characteristics and traits.
“popular, nice, smart, dumb”
Perspective talking
social cognitive process involving assumption of perspective of others and understanding their thoughts
Self esteem
global eval of self. Can be called selfworth or self-image
Self concept
domain –specific eval of self . Eg. Evaluation of your academic, athletic characteristics
Self-Efficacy
The belief that one can ,master a situation or
produce favorable outcomes
“I can”
influences student’s choice of activities
Self-regulation is facilitated by
prefrontal cortex
Industry Vs. Inferiority
4th Erikson Stage, middle and late childhood
Industry: Child becomes interested in how things
are made, how things work. (fixing/building things)
Inferiority: occurs when these explorations are
discouraged or fail.
Recommendations for caregivers caring for children after disaster
Reassure children of their safety (numerous times)
Allow children to retell events and be patient listening
Encourage children to talk about disturbing or confusing feelings , reassuring that these feelings are normal after an event
Protect child from re-exposure or reminders of trauma
Help children make sense of what happened
Kohlberg’s stages of development
3 levels of moral thinking
Each level has 2 stages
Key element in graduating through stages and
levels is that morality becomes more internal
Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning
Stage 1: Heteronomous Morality
Moral thinking is tied to punishment
Eg. Children obey adults because adults tell them to obey
Level 1: Preconventional Reasoning
Stage 2:Individualism, Instrumental Purpose and
exchange
Individuals pursue their own interests but let others do the same
Eg. People are nice to others so that others will be nice to them
Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
Individuals abide by certain standards or standards of others
Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
Stage 3:Mutual interpersonal expectations
Value of trust, caring and loyalty as basis of moral
judgement
Children adopt their parents moral standards
Level 2: Conventional Reasoning
Stage 4: social system morality
Moral judgement based on understanding social order, law.
Law protects community
Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
Morality is more internal
Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
Stage 5: social contract
Individuals reason that values, rights and principles inform law
Person evaluates the validity of actual laws and examines social systems
Level 3: Postconventional Reasoning
Stage 6:Universal Ethical principles
Moral development is based on human rights
When faces with conflict between conscious and law,
person will follow conscience even tough decision may be a risk
What Influences on Kohlberg’s stages?
Experiences dealing with moral questions and moral conflicts
Peer interaction and perspective taking
Disequilibrium may increase moral development
Moral development: Domain Theory
States that there are different domains of social knowledge and reasoning
Moral reasoning, social reasoning, personal reasoning
Social conventional reasoning
Focuses on conventional rules that maintain a social system
Concepts of social organization
Eg. Raising hand, using one side of the staircase to go up or down, not cutting lines
Moral reasoning
Focuses on ethical issues and rules or morality
Obligatory rules, widely accepted and almost impersonal
Concepts of justice
Eg. Lying, cheating, harming
Moral identity
Individuals relate to themselves when constructing moral categories.
Violating their moral commitment places self integrity at risk
Moral character
Willpower and desire to stand up for themselves , overcome pressures and distraction’s
Honesty, truthfulness, loyalty
Moral exemplars
Moral personality , identity characters reflect moral excellence
