Chapter 10 - Quality Management and Six-Sigma Flashcards
Managing the entire organization so that it excels on all dimensions of products and services that are important to the customer.
Total Quality Management
Center point of a set of numbers (average)
Mean
A measure of how much individual observations deviate from the mean (spread). Often referred to a sigma.
Standard Deviation
The maximum acceptable value for a characteristics.
Upper Specification Limit
The minimum acceptable value for a characteristics
Lower Specification Limit
Range of variation that is considered acceptable by the designer or customer.
Specification Limits
Range of variation that a process is able to maintain with a high degree of certainty.
Process Control Limits
Testing random sample of output from a process to determine whether the process is producing items within a preselected range.
Statistical Process Control (SPC)
Characteristics that are measureable
Variables
Quality characteristics that are classified as either conforming or not conforming to specifications.
Attributes
What are the deming cycle?
Plan, Do, Check/Study, Act
the inherent value of the product in the marketplace.
Design quality
the degree to which the product or service design specifications are met.
Conformance quality
making the person who does the work responsible for ensuring that specifications are met.
Quality at the source
Costs of the inspection, testing, and other tasks to ensure that the product or process is acceptable
Appraisal
Sum of all the costs to prevent defects
Prevention Costs
Costs for defects incurred within the system: scrap, rework, repair.
Internal failure costs
Costs for defects that pass through the system
External failure costs
quality
management
principles: customer focus, leadership, process approach, involvement of people etc…
ISO 9000
environment
management standards: Strategic approach –requirements of an environmental management system
ISO 14000
What is the other names of 6 Sigma
Kaizen (Japanese), Zero-defects, Six Sigma
A metric used to describe the variability of the process.
Defects per Million Opportunities (DPMO)
What is the Six Sigma Methodology?
Define (S), Measure (M), Analyze (A), Improve (I), and Control (C) or DMAIC
is a structured approach to identify, estimate, prioritize, and evaluate risk of possible failures at each stage in the process.
Failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA)
a statistical methodology to determine cause-and-effect relationships between process variables and output.
Design of experiments (DOE)
Variation that is caused by factors that can be identified and managed.
Assignable variation
Variation that is
inherent in the process itself.
Common variation
