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Science > Chapter 10 pp. 336-363 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 pp. 336-363 Flashcards

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0
Q

The line that separates the visible portion of the celestial sphere from the part that we cannot see

A

horizon

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1
Q

An imaginary, giant hollow sphere with the earth at the center and the sun, moon, and stars, and other planets on its inner surface

A

celestial sphere

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2
Q

The points on the celestial sphere that are directly overhead at the earth’s pole

A

celestial poles

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3
Q

North celestial pole

A

Polaris

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4
Q

Which is directly above Earth’s equator

A

celestial equator

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5
Q

“circling the pole”

A

circumpolar

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6
Q

Celestial sphere

A

ecliptic

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7
Q

A small group of stars that are used to form a picture or represent an object

A

asterisms

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8
Q

The great bear

A

Ursa Major

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9
Q

One of the most familiar asterism; asterism of the great bear

A

Big Dipper

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10
Q

Little bear

A

Ursa Minor

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11
Q

Asterism of the little bear

A

Little Dipper

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12
Q

The lion

A

Leo

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13
Q

The brightest star in Leo

A

Regulus

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14
Q

An asterism that looks like a backward question mar; asterism of the lion

A

Sickle

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15
Q

The herdsman

A

Boötes

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16
Q

The virgin

A

Virgo

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17
Q

The dragon

A

Draco

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18
Q

The lyre

A

Lyra

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19
Q

The brightest summer star; star of the lyre

A

Vega

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20
Q

The swan

A

Cygnus

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21
Q

Cygnus’s brightest star

A

Deneb

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22
Q

A magnificent asterism formed by several bright stars in Cygnus

A

Northern Cross

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23
Q

Deneb, Vega, and Altair form a prominent asterism called the _

A

Summer Triangle

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24
Q

The scorpion

A

Scorpius

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25
Q

Brightest star of Scorpius

A

Antares

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26
Q

The archer

A

Sagittarius

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27
Q

Asterism of the archer

A

Teapot or the Milk Dipper

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28
Q

_ was named after a mythical queen of Ethiopia and represents a vain woman sitting down and looking at herself in a hand mirror

A

Cassiopeia

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29
Q

Named after Cassiopeia’s husband

A

Cepheus

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30
Q

The brightest star in Cepheus

A

Alderamin

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31
Q

Cassiopeia’s and Cepheus’s daughter

A

Andromeda

32
Q

Andromeda’s asterism

A

Great Square

33
Q

A flying horse

A

Pegasus

34
Q

Best known star in Perseus’ constellation

A

Algol

35
Q

The brightest of all constellation

A

Orion

36
Q

Orion’s brightest stars

A

Rigel, Betelgeuse, and Belatrix

37
Q

The big dog

A

Canis Major

38
Q

The brightest star in the heavens; star of the big dog

A

Sirius

39
Q

The twins

A

Gemini

40
Q

Brightest stars in the twins

A

Castor and Pollux

41
Q

The bull

A

Taurus

42
Q

Forms one of the eyes of the bull

A

Aldebaran

43
Q

The _ also called the “seven stars” or “seven sisters”, are one of the most spectacular sights in Taurus

A

Pleiades

44
Q

Between the legs of Centaurus shines the constellation _

A

Crux

45
Q

The four brightest stars in Crux form an asterism called the _

A

Southern Cross

46
Q

The most important star to us

A

sun

47
Q

The center of the sun

A

core

48
Q

The visible part of the sun; “sphere of light”

A

photosphere

49
Q

“bubble”

A

granule

50
Q

The sun’s surface is also covered by much larger convection cells called _

A

supergranules

51
Q

The sun’s dark patches

A

sunspots

52
Q

Outside the photosphere; lowest layer of the sun’s atmosphere; “sphere of color”

A

chromosphere

53
Q

Flamelike columns of gas

A

spicules

54
Q

Streams of dense gas erupting off the chromosphere and returning in a loop-like fashion

A

solar prominences

55
Q

Outside the chromosphere is a very thin layer, the _

A

transition region

56
Q

The outermost layer of the sun’s atmosphere

A

corona

57
Q

A device that blocks the light from the photosphere

A

coronagraph

58
Q

A high-speed stream of charged particles ejected from the sun

A

solar wind

59
Q

The distance light travels in one year

A

light-year

60
Q

The apparent change in the position an object caused by the actual change in the position of the observer

A

parallax

61
Q

The _ is half the angle that the star appears to move on the celestial sphere when viewed from opposite sides of Earth’s orbit

A

stellar parallax

62
Q

The brightness of a star as it appears to an observer on the earth

A

apparent magnitude

63
Q

Is the apparent magnitude that star would would have to an observer located 10 parsecs from the star

A

absolute magnitude

64
Q

A useful tool for classifying stars

A

Hertzsprung-Russell diagram

65
Q

A system in which two stars are bound together by gravity

A

binary star

66
Q

A pair of stars that are close on the celestial sphere but are far apart in space

A

optical double

67
Q

_ are loose, asymmetrical clumps containing tens to hundreds, and occasionally thousands, of stars

A

open clusters

68
Q

_, tightly clumped spherical groups of thousands or millions of stars, travel outside the boundaries of the Milky Way in unusual orbits around the galaxy’s center

A

globular clusters

69
Q

Occasionally, a star will suddenly flare up to many times its original brightness

A

nova

70
Q

The explosion of a star

A

supernova

71
Q

A rapidly rotating neutron star that emits directional beams of radio waves

A

pulsar

72
Q

A massive star system containing millions to billions of star

A

galaxy

73
Q

The galaxy in which we live in

A

Milky Way

74
Q

The largest galaxy in the Local Group

A

Andromeda Galaxy

75
Q

Astronomers believe that cluster are grouped into larger structures called _

A

superclusters

76
Q

The spiral arms attach to a straight “bar” that runs through the nucleus of the galaxy

A

barred spirals

77
Q

An object so massive and dense that not even light can escape its gravity

A

black hole

Science (2 decks)

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