Chapter 10 pp. 302-322

Question 0

Which includes the sun and all natural objects that orbit it

Answer 0

solar system

Question 1

The study of God’s creation beyond our atmosphere

Answer 1

astronomy

Question 2

Circle around due to gravity

Answer 2

orbit

Question 3

Popularized the idea that the universe is geocentric

Answer 3

Aristotle

Question 4

“earth-centered”

Answer 4

geocentric

Question 5

Small circles

Answer 5

epicycles

Question 6

Proposed a heliocentric system

Answer 6

Nicolaus Copernicus

Question 7

“sun-centered”

Answer 7

heliocentric

Question 8

One astronomer who agreed with Copernicus’s idea was _; built one of the first telescopes and used it in his astronomical investigation

Answer 8

Galileo Galilei

Question 9

A godly Lutheran whose goal was to find the “mathematical harmonies in the mind of the Creator”

Answer 9

Johannes Kepler

Question 10

Who was an excellent observer of the heavens and kept very accurate records of his observations; Kepler used his observations and accurate charts of the heavenly bodies to help prove Copernicus’s heliocentric ideas

Answer 10

Tycho Brahe

Question 11

Symmetrical ovals

Answer 11

ellipses

Question 12

Helped explain astronomers’ observations of the planets’ paths

Answer 12

Kepler’s laws of planetary motion

Question 13

The amount of time a planet takes to complete its orbit

Answer 13

period

Question 14

One of Newton’s greatest scientific achievements; the force of attraction that exists between any two objects

Answer 14

gravity

Question 15

Which helped astronomers answer their questions about the solar systems, states that the strength of the gravitational force between two objects depends on their masses and the distance between them

Answer 15

Newton’s law of universal gravitation

Question 16

The space between the planets

Answer 16

interplanetary space

Question 17

A space that does not contain any matter

Answer 17

vacuum

Question 18

“wanderers”

Answer 18

planets

Question 19

The closest planet to the sun; speediest planet

Answer 19

Mercury

Question 20

Often the brightest object in the night sky except for the moon; morning and evening star; the only planet that takes longer to rotate on its axis than it does to orbit the sun; Earth’s twin; hottest planet

Answer 20

Venus

Question 21

Moving backward, from east to west

Answer 21

retrograde

Question 22

An object that revolves around another object

Answer 22

satellite

Question 23

Earth’s only natural satellite

Answer 23

moon

Question 24

Latin for “seas”

Answer 24

maria

Question 25

“land”

Answer 25

terrae

Question 26

Many craters have light-colored streaks radiating up to thousands of miles away from the crater. These streaks, known as _, are made up of light-colored powder that was hurled away from the crater when the crater fromed

Answer 26

rays

Question 27

When the sunlit side of the moon is turned away from the moon and is completely hidden from view

Answer 27

new moon

Question 28

Gradually grows longer

Answer 28

waxes

Question 29

As the moon orbits the earth, a silver of the moon’s sunlit side becomes visible from Earth and waxes

Answer 29

waxing crescent

Question 30

When half the moon is visible, the waxing crescent phase ends

Answer 30

first-quarter moon

Question 31

As the moon continues its orbit, its sunlit portion continues to wax: because the visible moon seems to bulge, this period is called the _

Answer 31

waxing gibbous

Question 32

Occurs when the entire face of the moon is illuminated

Answer 32

full moon

Question 33

Occur when the moon’s orbit is at just the right angle to travel across the sun’s pathways

Answer 33

solar eclipse

Question 34

“red planet”

Answer 34

Mars

Question 35

The largest known mountain in the solar system

Answer 35

Olympus Mons

Question 36

Planets that are made primarily of gases and are much larger than Earth

Answer 36

gas giants

Question 37

Largest planet in the solar system; has the fastest rotation of any planet

Answer 37

Jupiter

Question 38

The biggest storm seen in Jupiter

Answer 38

Great Red Spot

Question 39

Galilean satellites

Answer 39

Ganymede, Callisto, Io, and Europa

Question 40

Largest moon in the solar system

Answer 40

Ganymede

Question 41

The most volcanically active body in the solar system

Answer 41

Io