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Testing and Measurement > Chapter 10 (Part 1) > Flashcards

Chapter 10 (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Galen (A.D. 129-ca. 210)

A

Roman physician who determined the brain is critical for sense, language, and thought

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2
Q

Gall (1758-1828)

A
  • Developed phrenology

- Study of relationship between one’s moral, emotional, and intellectual faculties and variations of the skull’s surface

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3
Q

Gall’s Theory of Phrenology

A

Bumps and depressions on the skull indicate the size of the underlying brain area

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4
Q

Damage to Prefrontal Cortex

A
  • Impairs ability to connect thoughts with feelings
  • Results in mood swings, loss of social inhibition, and changes in personality
  • Phineous Gage
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5
Q

Paul Broca (1861)

A
  • Had a patient with paralysis on the right side and could only say the word “tan”
  • Discovered lesion on left frontal lobe and concluded damage to this area impairs ability to speak fluently, but language comprehension is preserved
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6
Q

Carl Wernicke (1874)

A
  • Had aphasia (language disorders) patients who had brain damage
  • Damage in left temporal lobe, no contralateral paralysis, fluent nonsensical speech, and could hear without understanding
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7
Q

Computerized Tomography (CT) Scans

A
  • Scanner passes narrow x-ray beams through the brain at different angles, creating different images then combining them to create a 3D image of the brain
  • Produces static pictures of brain structures
  • Useful for pinpointing location of brain abnormalities
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8
Q

Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scans

A

Scans use radioactive molecules to map brain regions for high and low activity

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9
Q

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A
  • Use strong magnets to watch the brain as an individual carries out psychological tasks
  • Tells us about brain function, not just structure
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10
Q

Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI)

A

MRI method that images fiber by detecting directional movement of water molecules

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11
Q

Neuropsychology

A
  • The study of brain-behavior relationships

- Originated with physiological psychologists working with animal models of brain functioning

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12
Q

Clinical Neuropsychology (CN)

A
  • Combines human neuropsychology with clinical psychology

- An applied science concerned with the behavioral expression of brain dysfunction

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13
Q

Hindbrain

A
  • Medulla
  • Retiuclar formation
  • Pons
  • Cerebellum
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14
Q

Medulla

A
  • Continuous with spinal cord

- Helps regulate and maintain respiration, circulation, heart rate, and blood pressure

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15
Q

Reticular Formation

A
  • Extends from medulla into the midbrain
  • Regulates consciousness and alertness
  • Connected to centers in the pons that help regulate sleep/wake cycle
  • Damage can cause coma
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16
Q

Pons

A
  • Bulging middle portion of the hindbrain

- Involved in eye movements, facial expressions, chewing, and dreaming

17
Q

Cerebellum

A
  • Large structure at the back of the brain (Latin for little brain)
  • Controls balance, posture, and smooth movements
  • Contributes to some forms of learning
18
Q

Subcortical Forebrain

A
  • Below the cortex
  • Hypothalamus
  • Thalamus
  • Limbic System
  • Basal Ganglia
19
Q

Hypothalamus

A
  • Regulates number of vegetative functions including body temperature, thirst, and appetite
  • Works closely with pituitary gland (master gland of the endocrine system)
20
Q

Midbrain

A

Part of the brain that connects the hindbrain to the forebrain

21
Q

Thalamus

A

Relays sensory information to the cortex and relays motor commands from the cortex to the motor system

22
Q

Amygdala

A
  • Limbic system

- Plays a role in emotions, particularly fear

23
Q

Hippocampus

A
  • Limbic system
  • Formation of explicit memories
  • Vulnerable to stress
24
Q

Basal Ganglia

A
  • Caudate nucleus
  • Putamen
  • Globus Pallidus
  • Motor behavior, emotion, and cognition
25
Q

Cerebral Cortex

A
  • Largest part of the human brain (80% of the brain’s mass)
  • Grayish in color and highly convoluted
  • Organized into four lobes (frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital)
26
Q

Frontal Lobe

A
  • Abstract thinking
  • Planning
  • Social skills
27
Q

Parietal Lobe

A
  • Touch

- Spatial orientation

28
Q

Occipital Lobe

A
  • Vision
29
Q

Temporal Lobe

A
  • Language
  • Hearing
  • Visual pattern recognition
30
Q

Left Hemisphere

A
  • Language
  • Logic
  • Details
  • Analytical thinking
  • Positive emotions
31
Q

Right Hemisphere

A
  • Non-linguistic functions (recognition of faces and sounds)
  • Gestalt
  • Negative emotions

Testing and Measurement (7 decks)

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