Chapter 10 Pain "Opioids" Flashcards
Fentanyl
(a) Synthetic opioid (Schedule II) used to treat moderate to severe pain
(b) Parenteral injections, transdermal patches (Duragesic), buccal lozenges (Fentora), and buccal lozenges on a stick (Actiq)
(c) Fentanyl in a dose of 0.1 mg intravenously is roughly equivalent to 10 mg of morphine intravenously.
(d) Fentanyl patch for chronic, long-term pain management
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
(a) very potent opioid analgesic; Schedule II drug
(b) One milligram of IV or IM hydromorphone is equivalent to 7 mg of morphine
(c) Exalgo (other drug name)
(i) Osmotic extended release oral deliver
(ii) Difficult to crush or extract for injection which aids in reducing abuse potential
Meperidine
(a) Synthetic opioid analgesic (Schedule II)
(b) Caution with use in elderly or those with kidney dysfunction
(c) Active metabolite (normeperidine) can accumulate to toxic levels and cause seizures
(d) Rarely used and not recommended for long-term pain treatment
(e) Use:
(i) Migraine treatment
(ii) Post-op shivering
Methadone Hydrochloride
(a) Synthetic opioid analgesic (Schedule II)
(b) Opioid of choice for the detoxification treatment of opioid addicts in methadone maintenance programs
(c) Prolonged half-life of the drug: cause of unintentional overdoses and deaths
(d) Cardiac dysrhythmias
Morphine Sulfate
(a) Naturally occurring alkaloid derived from the opium poppy
(b) Drug prototype for all opioid drugs; Schedule II controlled substance
(c) Indication: severe pain
(d) High abuse potential
(e) Oral, injectable, and rectal dosage forms; also extended-release forms
(f) Embeda (morphine and naltrexone) is the newest morphine product.
Oxycodone Hydrochlroide
(a) Analgesic agent structurally related to morphine
(b) Class II
(c) Comparable analgesic activity to morphine
(d) Often combined with acetaminophen (Percocet) or with aspirin (Percodan)
(e) R and SR
(f) Hydrocodone (weaker) often combined with acetaminophen (Vicodin, Norco)
