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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Nervous System Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cerebr/o encephal/o

A

brain

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2
Q

myel/o

A

spinal cord, bone marrow

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3
Q

neur/i neur/o

A

nerves

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4
Q

Sensory organs and receptors

A 
eyes (sight)
ears (hearing)
nose (smell)
skin (touch) 
tongue (taste)
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5
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

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6
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together, violently agitated

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7
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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8
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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9
Q

-esthesia

A

sensation, feeling

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10
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

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11
Q

-graphy

A

process of producing a picture or record

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12
Q

klept/o

A

to steal

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13
Q

-mania

A

obsessive preoccupation

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14
Q

mening/o

A

membranes, meninges

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15
Q

-phobia

A

abnormal fear

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16
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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17
Q

-tropic

A

having an affinity for

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18
Q

AD

A

alzheimers disease

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19
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

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20
Q

ADHD

A

attention deficit hyperactive disorder

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21
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

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22
Q

CSF

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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23
Q

ECG

A

electroencephalography

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24
Q

EPAN

A

epidural anesthesia

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25
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

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26
Q

LOC

A

levels of consciousness

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27
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

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28
Q

OCD

A

obsessive compulsive disorder

29
Q

CNS, functions, parts

A

central nervous system _brain spinal cord -receive and process information to regulate the body activity

30
Q

PNS, functions, parts

A

peripheral nervous system, transmit nerve signals to and from the CNS, 12 pairs of cranial nerves extending from brain and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves extending outward from spinal cord

31
Q

nerve

A

one or more bundles of neurons connect brain and spinal cord with body parts

32
Q

ganglion

A

nerve center made of cluster of nerve cells outside CNS

33
Q

plexus

A

network of intersecting spinal nerves

34
Q

receptors

A

sites in sensory organs receive external stimuli

35
Q

stimulus

A

anything that excites a nerve causing impulse

36
Q

neurons

A

basic cell of NS allow different body parts to communicate

37
Q

Type of neurons and functions

A

ACE- SAM
Afferent- sensory- send signal to CNS
connecting- associative-link sensory and motor
neurons
efferent- motor send signal away from CNS to
appropriate body part

38
Q

dendrites

A

root like processes receive impulse and conduct them to cell

39
Q

axon

A

process conducts impulses away from nerve cell

40
Q

terminal end fibers

A

branching fibers at end of axon lead impulse to synapse

41
Q

synapse

A

space between neuron and receptor organ

42
Q

neurotranmitters

A

chemical substances make messages cross from synapse of one neuron to the target receptor

43
Q

Endorphines

A

neurotransmitter for pain relief

44
Q

norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter responds to hypotension and physical stress

45
Q

acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter infuences muscle action

46
Q

dopamine

A

neurotransmitter involved in mood

47
Q

serotonin

A

neurotransmitter roles in sleep hunger and pleasure

48
Q

glial cells

A

support protect neurons

49
Q

glial cell 4 functions

SIDS

A

supply nutrients and oxygen
insulate one neuron from another
destroy remove dead neurons
surround neuron

50
Q

myelin sheath

A

protective covering made of glial cells

51
Q

myelinated

A

white matter

52
Q

unmyelinated

A

grey matter

53
Q

meninges

A

system of membranes enclose brain and spinal cord of CNS

54
Q

Dura matter

A

outermost membrane of meninges

55
Q

arachnoid membrane

A

second layer of meninges

56
Q

pia mater

A

third layer of meninges

57
Q

cerebrospinal fluid

A

cool cushion organs from shock and injury

nourish brain and SC transporting nutrients and chemical messengers to tissues

58
Q

cerebrum

A

judgement memory thought emotion control of motor and sensory function

59
Q

cerebrum hemispheres

A

left-controls function of right side of body

right0 controls left side of body

60
Q

thalamus

A

relays sensory info from SC and midbrain to cerebral cortex

61
Q

hypothalamus

A

controls vital functions of heart rate, BP, respiratory rate, digestive activity, emotional responses, body temp, hunger sensations, thirst snesations, sleep-wake cycle, pituitary and endocrine system.

62
Q

cerebellum

A

coordinates muscular activity and balance for smooth steady motion

63
Q

brain stem

A

(midbrain pons medulla) controls functions needed to survive (breathing digestion heart rate BP)

64
Q

cerebral lobes (4)

A

frontal-controls motor function memory and behavior
parietal-receives and interprets from tongue skin
and muscles
Occipital- eyesight
Temporal- hearing and smell create store access
new information

65
Q

midbrain-pons

A

provide conduction pathways to and from higher and lower centers in brain

66
Q

medulla

A

basic survival functions

67
Q

spinal cord

A

contains all nerves that affect limbs and lower part of body, pathway for nerve impulses to brain

68
Q

Specialized peripheral nerves

A

autonomic-instructions from ANS
sensory-stimuli
somatic-motor

Medical Terminology (5 decks)

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