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Biochemistry I > Chapter 10 Lipids > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Lipids Flashcards

1
Q

What are lipids soluble in and NOT soluble in?

A

Soluble: in non polar solvents

NON soluble: H2O bc its amphipathic

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2
Q

What are some examples of lipids?

A

fats, oils, waxes, most non protein components of the membranes

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3
Q

What are 3 functions of lipids?

A

1) Major form of stored energy in biological systems
2) Major components of biological membranes
3) Hormones

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4
Q

Lipids are highly ______

A

saturated, because of the more protons the more energy can be derived rather than carbohydrates

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5
Q

______ can retain more water, so it has more storage capabilities than lipids

A

Glycogen

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6
Q

What are the 5 different types of lipids?

A

1) Fatty Acids: a common fuel
2) Triacylglycerols: storage form of fatty acids
3) Phospholipids: membrane lipids
4) Glycolipids: membrane lipids composed of carbohydrates attached to it
5) Steroids: polycyclic hydrocarbons with a variety of functions

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7
Q

What are the characteristics of fatty acids?

A

Long, unbranched, saturated (more hydrogens) chain carboxylic acid (AKA the head group)

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8
Q

What are fatty acids derived from?

A

From the hydrolysis of fats, vegetable oils or phosphodiacylglycerols of biological membranes.

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9
Q

Saturated fatty acid means?

A

No double bonds present

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10
Q

Unsaturated fatty acid means?

A

Double bonds are present

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11
Q

How do you number fatty acids?

A

The first carbon begins at the carboxylic acid end

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12
Q

Systemic naming of fatty acids

Octadecanoate

A

Means there are 18 C’s present with no double bonds (saturated) and -ate is the acidic part

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13
Q

Systemic naming of fatty acids

Octadecenoate

A

Means there are 18 C’s presents, with double bonds (Unsaturated) and -ate is the acidic part

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14
Q

Laurate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

12 saturated

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15
Q

Myristate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

14 saturated

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16
Q

Palmitate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

16 saturated

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17
Q

Stearate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

18 saturated

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18
Q

Arachidate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

20 saturated

19
Q

Arachidonate—Saturated or unsaturated? # of C’s?

A

20 UNsaturated

20
Q

What is the effect of chain length on melting temperature?

A

Smaller/less compact/less C’s chain length, lower melting temp
Longer/more compact/ more C’s chain length, higher melting temp

21
Q

What is the effect of unsaturation on melting temperature?

A

double bonds prevent tight packing, so LOWER temp

22
Q

What are good fats?

A

high in cis polyunsaturated fats.

ex: vegetable oils, like olive, canola, sunflower

23
Q

What are bad fats?

A

high in saturated fats.

ex: stearic (beef); palm & coconut oils (found in candy)

24
Q

What are really bad fats?

A

trans fatty acids, result from partial hydrogenation of vegetable oils. Margarine has trans fatty acids.

This is because it is difficult to metabolism; lead to increased cholesterol
levels in the blood stream

25
Q

What do omega 3’s do?

A

They help reduce the physical harm caused by smoking, reduce the risk of advanced prostate cancer, and helps your heart

26
Q

How do you know if you have an omega 3 or omega 6?

A

Start counting from opposite side of the carboxylic acid and if the double bond starts on the 3 C from the end then it would be omega 3

27
Q

What is a triacylglycerol?

A

It is a stored form of fatty acids and it contains 3 fatty acids + glycerol

28
Q

Where are triacylglycerol’s located?

A

Located in adipocytes in adipose tissue

29
Q

What are triacylglycerol’s function?

A

Store energy for a later use

30
Q

Esterfication while making triacylglycerols

A

COOH reacts with the OH group

31
Q

Saponification of triacylglycerols

A

reactions of glyceryl ester with sodium or potassium hydroxide to produce a soap, which is the corresponding salt of the long-chain fatty acid.

32
Q

What can the backbone of phospholipids be?

A

Glycerol =glycerophospholipids or phosphoglycerides

Sphingosine= Sphingolipids

33
Q

What are the four components of phospholipids?

A

2 fatty acids, glycerol or sphingosine (platform), phosphate group, and an OH group

34
Q

Phospholipids with a glycerol platform are called _______?

A

phosphoglycerides or phosphoglycerols.

35
Q

The major phospholipids are derived from ______?

A

phosphatidate

36
Q

What is the most abundant group of lipids?

A

Phosphoglycerides which are derived from phosphatidic acid- palmitic, stearic and oleic acid

37
Q

Phospholipids built on a sphingosine platform are called _________?

A

sphingolipids

38
Q

Sphingomylein is a common membrane sphingolipid and is especially common in the ______?

A

myelin sheath of nerve cells

39
Q

What are the four components of a sphingolipid?

A

Sphingosine, 1 fatty acid (attached by an amide bond), PO4, and choline

40
Q

What are glycolipids?

A

They have a carbohydrate attached to lipids, which are embedded in membrane(lipid) and the carbohydrate is on surface of membrane. They also have a sphingosine backbone and is important with communication

41
Q

What are glycolipids composed of?

A

Sphingosine backbone with fatty acid and sugar unit (carbohydrate)

42
Q

What are steroids?

A

Hormones, Precursors of cholesterol, and are apart of membrane components

43
Q

What is cholesterol and its function?

A 
membrane component
 Precursor of bile
 Precursor of hormones (in charge of making hormones)
 Absent in prokaryotes
Maintains membrane fluidity
AMPHIPATHIC
44
Q

What is so special about the membrane lipid from the archaeon?

A

archaeon can live in harsh conditions bc the arrangement of fatty acids are used for insulation.
You have and ether as well as branched molecules of methyl groups which allow to live under extreme pH high temperatures. It is also able to avoid hydrolysis and oxidation of membranes

Biochemistry I (7 decks)

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