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Paramedic Care Volume 5 - Trauma > Chapter 10 - Head, Face, Neck, and Spinal Trauma > Flashcards

Chapter 10 - Head, Face, Neck, and Spinal Trauma Flashcards

1
Q

The most common cause of trauma-related death is due to injury to the

A

pg 239

head.

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2
Q

What percentage of gunshot wounds to the cranium result in mortality?

A

pg 239

75 - 80 percent

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3
Q

Which of the following is a layer of the scalp?

The skin

Areolar tissue

Connective tissue

Galea aponeurotica

All of the above

A

pg 240

All of the above

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4
Q

Which of the following is NOT a bone of the cranium?

Frontal

Sphenoid

Mandible

Ethmoid

Parietal

A

pg 240

Mandible

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5
Q

The largest opening in the cranium is the

A

pg 241

foramen magnum.

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6
Q

Which of the following is the lower and movable jaw bone?

A

pg 241

Mandible

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7
Q

What is the bone of the cheek?

A

pg 241

Zygoma

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8
Q

The structure(s) responsible for our positional sense is (are) the

A

pg 242

semicircular canals.

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9
Q

Which of the following is the opening through which light travels to contact the light-sensing
tissue in the eye?

A

pg 243

Pupil

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10
Q

Which of the following is the light-sensing tissue in the eye?

A

pg 243

Retina

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11
Q

The white of the eye is the

A

pg 243

sclera

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12
Q

The delicate, clear tissue covering the pupil and iris is the

A

pg 243

cornea.

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13
Q

The vertebral column is made up of how many vertebrae?

A

pg 245

33 vertebrae

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14
Q

The functions of the ligaments supporting the spinal column include

A

pg 246

preventing hyperextension.

protecting the neck.

allowing straightening of the spine.

connecting adjoining vertebrae.

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15
Q

The component of the vertebrae that protrudes posteriorly and can be felt in several regions of
the spine is which of the following?

A

pg 246

Spinous process

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16
Q

The region of the vertebral column that permits the greatest movement is the

A

pg 246

cervical.

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17
Q

The major weight-bearing component of the vertebral column is the

A

pg 246

vertebral body.

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18
Q

The region of the vertebral column that has 12 vertebrae is the

A

pg 248

thoracic.

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19
Q

The region of the vertebral column that has five separate vertebrae is the

A

pg 249

lumbar.

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20
Q

Head trauma accounts for just over what percentage of motor vehicle—related deaths?

A

pg 250

50%

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21
Q

Which of the following motions is likely to result from the rear-end auto impact?

A

pg 252

Hyperextension

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22
Q

Which of the following motions is likely to result from hanging?

A

pg 253

Distraction

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23
Q

T/F - Spinal cord injury can occur without injury to the vertebral column or its associated ligaments.

A

pg 253

True

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24
Q

T/F - Serious scalp injury is unlikely to produce hypovolemia and shock because the arteries there
frequently constrict and effectively limit blood loss.

A

pg 253

False

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25
Which of the following statements is NOT true of scalp wounds? ## Footnote A. They pose a risk of meningeal infection. B. Wounds there tend to heal very well. C. Wounds there tend to bleed heavily. D. Contusions there swell outward noticeably. E. Avulsion of the scalp is not a likely injury.
pg 254 E. Avulsion of the scalp is not a likely injury.
26
The most common type of skull fracture is
pg 254 linear fracture
27
The type of skull fracture most often associated with high-velocity bullet entry is
pg 254 comminuted.
28
T/F - It is common for the paramedic to observe either Battle's sign or bilateral periorbital ecchymosis in the patient who has just sustained a basilar skull fracture.
pg 255 False
29
The discoloration found around both eyes due to basilar skull fracture is
pg 255 bilateral periorbital ecchymosis.
30
Blood and CSF draining from the ear may display a
pg 255 concentric light-yellow circle.
31
T/F - A cranial fracture, by itself, is a skeletal injury that will heal with time; it is the injury underneath that is of most concern.
pg 255 True
32
T/F - With facial trauma, lower airway obstruction is more likely due to blood than other fluids or physical obstruction.
pg 256 True
33
According to the Le Fort criteria, a fracture involving just the maxilla and limited instability is classified as
pg 256 Le Fort I
34
Which type of Le Fort fracture is likely to result in cerebrospinal fluid leakage?
pg 257 Le Fort II and III
35
Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding injuries to the pinna of the ear? ## Footnote A. They hemorrhage severely. B. Hemorrhage is difficult to control. C. Hemorrhage is limited. D. Wounds there do not heal very well. E. Both C and D.
pg 257 E. Both C Hemorrhage is difficult to control. and D. Wounds there do not heal very well.
36
What mechanisms are likely to injure the tympanum?
pg 257 Basilar skull fracture An object forced into the ear An explosion Diving injury
37
The collection of blood in front of a patient's pupil and iris due to blunt trauma is called a(n)
pg 258 hyphema.
38
A sudden and painless loss of sight is most likely a(n)
pg 258 acute retinal artery occlusion.
39
Blood vessel injury in the neck region carries with it the hazards of all of the following, EXCEPT ## Footnote A. severe venous hemorrhage. B. severe arterial hemorrhage. C. development of subcutaneous emphysema. D. air aspiration. E. pulmonary emboli.
pg 259 C. development of subcutaneous emphysema.
40
The region that accounts for more than half of spinal cord injuries is the
pg 259 cervical spine.
41
Helmets reduce the incidence of both head and spine injury.
pg 259 False.
42
T/F - Manual immobilization should continue from the moment you arrive at the suspected spine injured patient's side until a cervical collar is applied.
pg 260 False
43
Which of the following is a criteria for discontinuing spinal precautions? ## Footnote A. The patient's only symptom is dyspnea. B. The patient is alert and partially oriented. C. The patient is free of significant distracting injuries. D. The patient is showing signs of sympathetic response. E. The patient is a very young child.
pg 261 C. The patient is free of significant distracting injuries.
44
Which of the following is NOT a mechanism of injury likely to cause spinal injury? ## Footnote A. Fall from over three times the patient's height B. High-speed motor vehicle crash C. Serious blunt trauma above the shoulders D. Penetrating trauma directed to the lateral thorax E. Penetrating trauma directed to the spine
pg 262 D. Penetrating trauma directed to the lateral thorax
45
T/F - Oral intubation is generally more difficult in the patient who requires spinal precautions because the landmarks are more difficult to visualize.
pg 263 True
46
During the initial assessment, you should be aware that exaggerated abdominal movement and limited chest excursions often suggest
pg 264 diaphragmatic breathing.
47
Any significant open wound to the anterior or lateral neck should be covered with a(n)
pg 264 occlusive dressing.
48
The major reason for allowing fluid to drain from the nose or ear is that
pg 265 its flow will prevent pathogens from entering the meninges.
49
Conditions that may make it difficult to spinally immobilize a patient include all of the following, EXCEPT ankylosing spondylitis herniated disk. kyphosis bamboo spine. scoliosis.
pg 265 herniated disk.
50
Which of the following could be considered a component of Cushing's triad? ## Footnote A. Cheyne-Stokes respirations B. Decreasing pulse rate C. Increasing blood pressure D. Ataxic respirations E. All of the above
pg 266 E. All of the above
51
T/F - The head injury patient may vomit without warning, and the vomiting may be projectile in nature.
pg 268 True
52
Which of the following airway techniques is NOT recommended for the patient with suspected basilar skull fracture? ## Footnote A. Nasopharyngeal airway insertion B. Directed intubation C. Digital intubation D. Orotracheal intubation E. Rapid-sequence intubation
pg 268 A. Nasopharyngeal airway insertion
53
T/F - Prolonged attempts at intubation can induce hypoxia and hypercarbia.
pg 269 True
54
What are acceptable methods for confirming endotracheal tube placement in the head injury patient?
pg 270 Use of an end-tidal CO 2 monitor Good and bilaterally equal breath sounds Use of a pulse oximeter Observing bilaterally equal chest rise
55
T/F - For adequate ventilation through a needle cricothyrotomy, you must use a demand valve ventilator.
pg 270 False
56
T/F - When locating the cricoid cartilage, either for Sellick's maneuver or the cricothyrotomy, it is the first hard rigid ring you feel as you move your fingers up the trachea from the suprasternal notch.
pg 270 True
57
T/F - Proper immobilization of the patient with spinal injury should include placing a blanket roll under the knees.
pg 272 False
58
What are Contraindications to continuing to move the head and spine toward the neutral, in-line position?
pg 272 You meet with significant resistance. Your patient complains of a significant increase in pain. You notice gross deformity along the spine. You notice an increase in the signs of neurologic injury.
59
T/F - Some gentle axial traction on the head will make cervical immobilization more effective.
pg 273 False
60
The ideal position for the small adult's or child's head during spinal immobilization is
pg 273 level with the spine board.
61
The standing takedown for the patient with spinal injuries requires a minimum of how many care providers?
pg 273 Three providers
62
Under what circumstances should a helmet be removed from a patient?
pg 274 The head is not immobilized within the helmet. The helmet prevents airway maintenance. You cannot secure the helmet firmly to the long spine board. You anticipate breathing problems.
63
T/F - A four-count cadence is preferable for moves because it better signals care providers when the move starts.
pg 274 True
64
A log-roll is properly performed by
pg 275 placing a bulky blanket between the legs.
65
T/F - Newer orthopedic stretchers are rigid enough to be used for spinal immobilization by themselves.
Pg 275 True
66
T/F - The vest-type immobilization device is meant to permit rescuers to move the patient from a seated to a supine position in an auto crash by rotating the buttocks on the seat, then tilting the patient to the supine position.
pg 275 True
67
Which of the following circumstances would NOT automatically merit employment of rapid extrication techniques? ## Footnote A. Toxic fumes B. An auto collision C. An immediate threat of fire D. Rising water E. None of the above
pg 276 B. An auto collision
68
T/F - Once you immobilize the body to the long spine board, you can then secure the head to it.
pg 277 True
69
The most ideal position for the adult head during spinal immobilization is
pg 277 1 to 3 inches above the spine board.
70
The best technique for immobilizing a patient onto a long spine board who is in the water after sustaining a diving injury is ## Footnote A. log-rolling. B. straddle slide. C. rope-sling slide. D. applying a vest-type device. E. none of the above.
pg 278 E. none of the above.
71
When treating an avulsed eye you should
pg 279 cover both eyes.
72
Dislodged teeth from a patient should be
pg 279 wrapped in gauze soaked in sterile saline.

Paramedic Care Volume 5 - Trauma (11 decks)

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