Chapter 10: Gas Laws Flashcards
What is KMT based on
The concept that all particles of matter are in constant motion
Define KMT
Explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their Kinetic energy and the forces which act upon them
What are gases made of according to KMT
Large number of tiny particles that are far apart, relative to their size
How do gases move (3)
Constant, rapid, and random motion
How do gas particles act with each other
Do not attract nor repel each other, only collide and bounce off each other
What does the KE of gas molecules depend on
Depends on their temp
Define elastic collisions
No loss of KE, the energy lost by the striking particles is gained entirely by the particle that is hit or by the wall if the container
What do gas particles collide with
Each other and the walls they are contained in
Describe the shape or volume of a gas
Take the shape and volume of whatever they are contained in
Why do gases take on the shape and volume of their container
They have no shape or volume
Why do gases flow
The attractive forces between the particles are insignificant
Why do liquids flow
The attractive forces are weak
Why don’t solids flow
Their attractive forces are strong
Compare the density of gas to liquid/solid
Gas is 1/1000 that of a solid/liquid
Why can gases be compressed
Gas particles are far apart they can be forced closer together
Define diffusion
The mixing of gases caused by their random motion
When is diffusion faster (2)
At high temp and with small particles
Define effusion
The escape of a gas under high pressure through a small opening
Define ideal gas
Imaginary gas that conforms to all assumptions of KMT
Define real gas
One that does not conform completely to assumptions of KMT
When is the behavior of a gas noticeable
Very high pressure and very low temp
Define pressure
Force per unit area on a surface
Name four standard values of pressure
Atmosphere
Millimeters of Hg
Kilo pascals
Torricelli
Name four unit of value and abriviastions
1 ATM
760 mm Hg
101.325 kpa
760 torr
What does STP stand for
Standard temperature and pressure
What is STP equal to
1 ATM
760 mm Hg
101.325 kpa
760 torr
What is STP useful for
Comparisons between/among gases
State boyles law
Volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure if and only if temperature is constant
What is the formula for boyles law
PV=p1v1
Define formulas variables
Pressure and volume
Why was the kelvin temperature scale developed
Lead to inaccurate calculations because they are negative numbers.
What is the value of absolute zero
-273 •c Celsius
How do you convert Celsius to kelvin
Add 273 to the measured t in degrees Celsius
State Charles law
The volume of a gas varies directly with the kelvin t if and only if p is constant
State the formula for Charles law
V/t = V1T1
Define variables for Charles law
Volume and pressure
State gay lussacs law
The pressure exerted by a gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature if and only if volume is constant
What is the formula for gay lussacs law
P/t=p1t1
Define variables for gay lussacs law
Pressure and temperature
What us the formula for combined gas law and define variables
V1/v=(p/p1)(t1/t)
What did dalton study
Dalton studied mixtures of gases
What is partial pressure
The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture; therefore the total pressure exerted by a mis of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in that mixture
What’s re formula for Dalton’s law and define variables
P(total) = pp(gas1) + pp(gas2) + pp(gas3)..
How do you recognize a Dalton’s correction
When a gas is collected by bubbling it through water
Explain the partial pressure of water
Must be subtracted from the collection pressure for accurate calculations
