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Advance Chemistry > Chapter 10: Gas Laws > Flashcards

Chapter 10: Gas Laws Flashcards

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0
Q

What is KMT based on

A

The concept that all particles of matter are in constant motion

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1
Q

Define KMT

A

Explains the properties of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of their Kinetic energy and the forces which act upon them

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2
Q

What are gases made of according to KMT

A

Large number of tiny particles that are far apart, relative to their size

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3
Q

How do gases move (3)

A

Constant, rapid, and random motion

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4
Q

How do gas particles act with each other

A

Do not attract nor repel each other, only collide and bounce off each other

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5
Q

What does the KE of gas molecules depend on

A

Depends on their temp

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6
Q

Define elastic collisions

A

No loss of KE, the energy lost by the striking particles is gained entirely by the particle that is hit or by the wall if the container

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7
Q

What do gas particles collide with

A

Each other and the walls they are contained in

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8
Q

Describe the shape or volume of a gas

A

Take the shape and volume of whatever they are contained in

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9
Q

Why do gases take on the shape and volume of their container

A

They have no shape or volume

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10
Q

Why do gases flow

A

The attractive forces between the particles are insignificant

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11
Q

Why do liquids flow

A

The attractive forces are weak

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12
Q

Why don’t solids flow

A

Their attractive forces are strong

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13
Q

Compare the density of gas to liquid/solid

A

Gas is 1/1000 that of a solid/liquid

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14
Q

Why can gases be compressed

A

Gas particles are far apart they can be forced closer together

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15
Q

Define diffusion

A

The mixing of gases caused by their random motion

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16
Q

When is diffusion faster (2)

A

At high temp and with small particles

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17
Q

Define effusion

A

The escape of a gas under high pressure through a small opening

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18
Q

Define ideal gas

A

Imaginary gas that conforms to all assumptions of KMT

19
Q

Define real gas

A

One that does not conform completely to assumptions of KMT

20
Q

When is the behavior of a gas noticeable

A

Very high pressure and very low temp

21
Q

Define pressure

A

Force per unit area on a surface

22
Q

Name four standard values of pressure

A

Atmosphere
Millimeters of Hg
Kilo pascals
Torricelli

23
Q

Name four unit of value and abriviastions

A

1 ATM
760 mm Hg
101.325 kpa
760 torr

24
Q

What does STP stand for

A

Standard temperature and pressure

25
Q

What is STP equal to

A

1 ATM
760 mm Hg
101.325 kpa
760 torr

26
Q

What is STP useful for

A

Comparisons between/among gases

27
Q

State boyles law

A

Volume of a gas varies inversely with its pressure if and only if temperature is constant

28
Q

What is the formula for boyles law

A

PV=p1v1

29
Q

Define formulas variables

A

Pressure and volume

30
Q

Why was the kelvin temperature scale developed

A

Lead to inaccurate calculations because they are negative numbers.

31
Q

What is the value of absolute zero

A

-273 •c Celsius

32
Q

How do you convert Celsius to kelvin

A

Add 273 to the measured t in degrees Celsius

33
Q

State Charles law

A

The volume of a gas varies directly with the kelvin t if and only if p is constant

34
Q

State the formula for Charles law

A

V/t = V1T1

35
Q

Define variables for Charles law

A

Volume and pressure

36
Q

State gay lussacs law

A

The pressure exerted by a gas varies directly with the kelvin temperature if and only if volume is constant

37
Q

What is the formula for gay lussacs law

A

P/t=p1t1

38
Q

Define variables for gay lussacs law

A

Pressure and temperature

39
Q

What us the formula for combined gas law and define variables

A

V1/v=(p/p1)(t1/t)

40
Q

What did dalton study

A

Dalton studied mixtures of gases

41
Q

What is partial pressure

A

The pressure exerted by each gas in a mixture; therefore the total pressure exerted by a mis of gases is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of each gas in that mixture

42
Q

What’s re formula for Dalton’s law and define variables

A

P(total) = pp(gas1) + pp(gas2) + pp(gas3)..

43
Q

How do you recognize a Dalton’s correction

A

When a gas is collected by bubbling it through water

44
Q

Explain the partial pressure of water

A

Must be subtracted from the collection pressure for accurate calculations

Advance Chemistry (4 decks)

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