Chapter 10: Fitness Assessment Selection and Administration

Question 1

gathering baseline data, and using that information to act as a basis for developing goals and effective exercise programs

Answer 1

purpose of assessments

Question 2

using the data collected to assist the personal trainer is important for these 2 reasons

Answer 2

identifying potential areas of injury

setting starting points for recommended intensities and volumes based on goals

Question 3

This will likely produce lower maximal VO2 than a treadmill test due to local muscle fatigue in average or deconditioned clients

Answer 3

cycle ergometer tests

Question 4

This type of test is useful in overweight clients or those with lower limb joint issues, and is independent of body weight

Answer 4

cycle ergometer

Question 5

in order for the personal trainer to conduct meaningful assessments this must occur

Answer 5

appropriate tests must be chosen

Question 6

two ways to look at assessments

Answer 6

formative or summative evaluations

Question 7

these types of evaluations include formal assessment with a specified test protocol

Answer 7

formative

Question 8

these types of evaluations are made during interaction with the client

Answer 8

summative

Question 9

This types of evaluations offer the personal trainer opportunities to formulate or plan a program given the client feedback

Answer 9

formative

Question 10

these types of evaluations take place before a program begins and periodically throughout the training period

Answer 10

formative

Question 11

T/F: every observation of the client provides the trainer with considerations for designing, implementing, and modifying the clients program

Answer 11

T

Question 12

these types of evaluations might include noticing posture, gait, exercise technique, response to cardiovascular exercise, ect

Answer 12

subjective

Question 13

These types of evaluations provide immediate opportunities for the PT to focus on educating, motivating, and modifying activities for the client

Answer 13

subjective

Question 14

These types of evaluations are final evaluations made when a client completes a specified training period, class, or season

Answer 14

summative

Question 15

These types of evaluations represent the sum total of what has been accomplished in a given period

Answer 15

summative

Question 16

measure of repeatability or consistancy of a test or observation

Answer 16

reliability

Question 17

This is a common method of determing reliability of a test, and is when a test is repeated with the same individual or group within one to three days, and sometimes up to one week later if the test is particularly strenuous

Answer 17

test-retest method

Question 18

the person conducting the test must be consistent in his or her administration of it

Answer 18

intra-rater reliability

Question 19

reliability of a test between two or more testers

Answer 19

inter-rater reliability

Question 20

A test is objective rather than subjective if one or more testers consistently get the same results

Answer 20

objective rather than subjective

Question 21

this indicates that a test measures what it is suppose to measure

Answer 21

validity

Question 22

this indicates how well the test matches the objectives of testing

Answer 22

relevance

Question 23

this means that the test appears to test what it is suppose to test

Answer 23

face validity

Question 24

this means that an expert has determined that a test covers all topics or abilities that it should

Answer 24

content validity

Question 25

a theoretical concept meaning that a test is able to differentiate between performance abilites

Answer 25

construct validity

Question 26

this allows the personal trainer to use tests in the field or in the fitness center, instead of tests that can be performed only in a laboratory setting or with expensive equipment, because laboratory test results and field test results have BEEN STATISTICALLY COMPARED WITH EACHOTHER

Answer 26

criterion-related validity

Question 27

hydrostatic weighing is this type of measure

Answer 27

indirect

Question 28

autopsy is this type of measure

Answer 28

direct

Question 29

SKNFLD, BIA, NIR, and anthropometric measures are this type of measure

Answer 29

doubly indirect (based off comparisons to an indirect method)

Question 30

this is the difference between a person’s observed score, and a theoretically errorless score

Answer 30

standard error of measurement

Question 31

Key client factors to consider in selecting tests 5

Answer 31

health status
functional capacity
age
sex
pretraining status

Question 32

temperatures between 65-72 F and 65.1 and 72% humidity do this

Answer 32

increase the risk of exertional heatstroke

Question 33

Exposure to cold temperatures less than 25F have this effect

Answer 33

no effect on young apparently healthy individuals

older people may have cardiovascular, and respiratory problems

Question 34

ideal room temp, humidity, and air circulation for a testing room

Answer 34

between 68-72F
less than 60% humidity
6-8 air changes/hour

Question 35

These 2 are the most important required assessments for initiating and designing an exercise program

Answer 35

client CVD risk

potential contraindications for specific actvities due to known musculoskeletal limitations or disease

Question 36

these types of tests use indirect measurements to quantify and extrapolate performance results, and are usually conducted by a certified personal trainer

Answer 36

field tests

Question 37

Place the following tests of general fitness in the best order: nonfatiguing tests, local muscular endurance tests, muscular strength tests, resting tests, submaximal aerobic capacity tests

Answer 37

resting tests
nonfatiguine tests
muscular strength tests
local muscular endurance tests
submaximal aerobic capacity tests

Question 38

place the following tests of athletic performance in the best order: anaerobic capacity tests, sprint tests, agility tests, resting tests, nonfatiguing tests, maximum power/strength tests, local muscular endurance tests, maximal/submaximal aerobic capacity tests

Answer 38

resting tests
nonfatiguing tests
agility tests
maximum power/strength tests
sprint tests
local muscular endurance tests
anaerobic capacity tests
maximal or submaximal aerobic capacity tests

Question 39

How long should the rest period be before conducting a maximum aerobic test if it cannot be done on a separate day

Answer 39

1 hour from conclusion of other testing

Question 40

in regards to test protocols these have a direct impact on the reliability and objectivity of a test

Answer 40

clarity and simplicity of instructions of a test

Question 41

two reference perspectives for comparison of data

Answer 41

norm-referenced standards

criterion-referenced standards

Question 42

these are standards which are used to compare the performance of an individuals against the performance of others in the same category

Answer 42

norm-referenced standards

Question 43

percentile scores are examples of

Answer 43

norm-referenced standards

Question 44

the lowest performance that would allow an individual to maintain good health and lessen the risk of chronic disease

Answer 44

health standard (criterion-reference standards)

Question 45

These standards are set against a combination of normative data and the best judgement of the expers in a given field to identify a specific level of achievement

Answer 45

criterion-reference standards

Question 46

These provide reasonable goals for most people to achieve for improved health

Answer 46

criterion-reference standards

Question 47

T/F: one must score near the top of a norm-referenced standard to be considered healthy

Answer 47

F

Question 48

In the absence of criterion-referenced data the best way to use normative tables is to do this

Answer 48

encourage clients with goals of striving for fitness improvements until they reach the average or higher levels for a given component

Question 49

This should be scheduled just after the post-testing is complete to discuss the client’s degree of achievement, review of strenghts and weaknesses of the initial program, set new goals, and modify the program where appropriate

Answer 49

summative evaluation

Question 50

these are measures of progress toward a goal

Answer 50

formative evaluations

Question 51

these are measures of the degree of attainment of a stated goal

Answer 51

summative evaluations

Question 52

T/F: For most individuals it is more important to compare test results to themselves rather than to the skills or fitness levels of others

Answer 52

T