chapter 10-extent of reaction Flashcards
reversible reaction
the products of the reaction can react to make the original reactants
la chatelier’s principle
if a dynamic equilibrium is disturbed by changing the conditions, the position of equilibrium shifts to counteract the change to reestablish an equilibrium
if the foward reaction produces more molecules of gas
-an increase in pressure decreases the amount of products formed
-a decrease in pressure increases the amount of products formed
if a foward reaction is exothermic
-an increase in temperature decreases the amount of product formed, equilibrium shifts to the left
-a decrease in temperature increases the amount of product formed, equilibrium shift to the right
if the foward reaction is endothermic
-an increase in temperature increases the amount of products formed, equilibrium shift to the right
-a decrease in temperature decreases the amount of products formed, equilibrium shifts to the left
forward reaction
-reactant to products
backward reaction
-products to reactant
haber process
-ammonia is made from nitrogen and hydrogen
-carried out under 450 degress celsius and 20- atmospheres pressure, using an iron catalyst
where does nitrogen gas come from
the air
where does hydrogen gas come from
natural gas, which contains methane
effect of pressure in haber process
-reactants have more volume, so an increase in pressure would shift equilibrium to the right, making more ammonia
contact process
-used to manufacture sulfuric acid
first stage of contact process
sulfur is burnt and oxidised to sulfur dioxide gas
second stage contact process
sulfure dioxide is oxidised by oxygen to make sulfure tioxide in a reversible reaction that takes place at 450 degrees celsius and atmospheric pressure, in the presence of a vandium oxide catalyst
third stage of contact process
sulfur trioxide reacts with water to make sulfuric acid
