Chapter 10 - Excretory System Flashcards
Define Excretion:
The removal from the body of the wastes of metabolism
What are nephrons?
The functional unity of the kidney, consisting of a filter (Glomerulus) and a tubule.
They work in a two step process by filtering the blood and then either returns nutrients to the blood or removes wastes.
What are Collecting Ducts
The tube in the kidney that collects filtrate from a number of nephrons
What is the Renale Tubule
The kidney tubule; it leads away from the glomerular capsule and empties into a collecting duct.
What is the Glomerulus
The tightly coiled mass if capillaries that is surrounded by the extended part of each kidney tubule
What is the proximal convoluted tubule? (PCT)
The first set of convolutions of the kidney tubule, located between the glomerular capsule and the loop of Henle.
What is the loop of Henle?
The ‘U’ shaped section of the Kidney tubule.
It plays a major role in the reabsorption of water and salts from the filtrate,
What is the Distal Convoluted Tubule?
The second set of convolutions of the kidney tubule.
It relives the forming urine after it has passed through the loop of Henle.
What is the Renal Pelvis
The cavity if the kidney which collects urine before it passes to the ureter.
What is the ureter?
The tube that leaves the kidney and drained into the urinate bladder.
What is the Renal Artery?
The blood vessel transporting blood into the kidney.
What are the affront arterioles?
They are groups of blood vessels that supply nephrons blood.
They regulate the blood pressure which is a part kg the tubuloglomerular feedback system.
They branch out from the artery
What are the efferent arterioles?
Blood vessel that are a part of the urinary tract.
It carries blood out and away from the glomerulus.
What are the peritubular capillaries?
They are capillaries in the kidney that surprise the convoluted tubule of the nephron, the loop of Henle and the collecting duct.
What is the renal vein?
The vessel transporting blood away from the kidney.
Define what the excretory system is
The system of the body that removed water of metabolism and passes them to the exterior.
What is the glomerular filtration?
The filtration of blood in the kidney.
Define filtrate
The remaining fluid after the filtration has taken place
What is elective reabsorption?
In the renal tubules, reabsorption of some substances and not others
What is facilitated reabsorption
The active reabsorption of water from the filtrate in the rebel tubule of the kidney.
What is tubular secretion
The process whereby ions and drugs are secreted from the blood into the kidney tubule.
What is Uric acid?
The chemical created when the body breaks down substances called purines.
What is creatinine?
A chemical waste pro cuts that’s produced by your muscle metabolism and to a smaller extent by eating meat
What are kidney stones?
Solid masses if crystals that develop within the kidney.
What is kidney failure?
When the kidney’s loss their ability to excrete water and control the leak if fluid in the body.
What is Dialysis
A method of removing wastes from the blood when kidney failure occurs.
What is peritonium?
The membrane that lines the inside of the abdominal cavity.
What is peritoneal dialysis
Dialysis occurs h inside the body using peritoneum as the membrane across which can be removed.
What is Haemodyalysis?
The process of dialysis whereby the blood is passed through an artificial a kidney or dialysis membrane.
Define reabsorption
In the kidney, the process by which substances are transported form the filtrate in the renal tubules into the blood of the PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES
What is the Glomerulus Capusle?
Also known as Bowman’s Capsule.
The double walled cup like structure at the end of each kidney tubule. It collects filter water and other substances from the blood.
