Chapter 10 - Energy And Heat Flashcards
Work
Force exerted on an object that causes the object to move
Energy
The ability to do work or cause change
State
The form in which matter exists
Solid
A definite shape or definite volume
Liquid
Has a definite volume but no shape of its own
Gas
Has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume
Freezing point
The temperature at which a solid freezes
Boil
When enough heat is added water can boil, or turn into gas
Boiling point
Temperature at which a liquid boils
Potential energy
Energy that results from the position or shape of an object
Kinetic energy
Energy that results from the motion of an object
Forms of energy are related to particles?
Forms of energy related to particles of objects include nuclear energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and chemical energy.
Nuclear energy
Potential energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom
Thermal energy
The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object
Electrical energy
Energy of electric charges. Example lightning
Electromagnetic energy
Form of energy that travels through space in the waves
Chemical energy
Potential energy stored in chemical bonds, which hold atoms to each other
Energy transformation
A change from one form of energy to another. All forms of energy can be transformed into other forms of energy
Single transformation
One form of energy can be transformed into another form to do work
Fluid
A substance that can move and change shape
Multiple transformations
A series of transformations needed to do work.
Example: thermal energy of the spark releases chemical energy in the fluid, causing the field to expand as it is broken down into smaller particles. The expansion of the fuel produces pressure on parts of the car. That increase pressure eventually causes the wheels to turn, transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy.
Kinetic and potential energy
The most common energy transformation.
Example: when a rock falls off a cliff, potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.
Law of conservation of energy
In the system, as energy is transformed it is neither lost or created. Rather, energy is conserved
Friction
The force that one surface exerts on another surface when two surfaces rub against each other
