Chapter 10 - Energy And Heat

Question 1

Work

Answer 1

Force exerted on an object that causes the object to move

Question 2

Energy

Answer 2

The ability to do work or cause change

Question 3

State

Answer 3

The form in which matter exists

Question 4

Solid

Answer 4

A definite shape or definite volume

Question 5

Liquid

Answer 5

Has a definite volume but no shape of its own

Question 6

Gas

Answer 6

Has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume

Question 7

Freezing point

Answer 7

The temperature at which a solid freezes

Question 8

Boil

Answer 8

When enough heat is added water can boil, or turn into gas

Question 9

Boiling point

Answer 9

Temperature at which a liquid boils

Question 10

Potential energy

Answer 10

Energy that results from the position or shape of an object

Question 11

Kinetic energy

Answer 11

Energy that results from the motion of an object

Question 12

Forms of energy are related to particles?

Answer 12

Forms of energy related to particles of objects include nuclear energy, thermal energy, electrical energy, electromagnetic energy, and chemical energy.

Question 13

Nuclear energy

Answer 13

Potential energy that is stored in the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

Thermal energy

Answer 14

The total kinetic energy and potential energy of the particles in an object

Question 15

Electrical energy

Answer 15

Energy of electric charges. Example lightning

Question 16

Electromagnetic energy

Answer 16

Form of energy that travels through space in the waves

Question 17

Chemical energy

Answer 17

Potential energy stored in chemical bonds, which hold atoms to each other

Question 18

Energy transformation

Answer 18

A change from one form of energy to another. All forms of energy can be transformed into other forms of energy

Question 19

Single transformation

Answer 19

One form of energy can be transformed into another form to do work

Question 20

Fluid

Answer 20

A substance that can move and change shape

Question 21

Multiple transformations

Answer 21

A series of transformations needed to do work.
Example: thermal energy of the spark releases chemical energy in the fluid, causing the field to expand as it is broken down into smaller particles. The expansion of the fuel produces pressure on parts of the car. That increase pressure eventually causes the wheels to turn, transforming chemical energy into mechanical energy.

Question 22

Kinetic and potential energy

Answer 22

The most common energy transformation.

Example: when a rock falls off a cliff, potential energy is transformed to kinetic energy.

Question 23

Law of conservation of energy

Answer 23

In the system, as energy is transformed it is neither lost or created. Rather, energy is conserved

Question 24

Friction

Answer 24

The force that one surface exerts on another surface when two surfaces rub against each other

Question 25

Temperature

Answer 25

Measurement of how hot or cold something is compared to a reference point.

Temperature is a measure of the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object

Question 26

Fahrenheit scale

Answer 26

USA uses this To measure temperature

Question 27

Celsius scale

Answer 27

Used by most countries.

Question 28

Kelvin scale

Answer 28

The standard unit of temperature. Used by scientists.

Question 29

Absolute zero

Answer 29

The lowest temperature possible

Question 30

Thermal energy

Answer 30

The total energy of all the particles in an object

Question 31

Heat

Answer 31

The transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object

Question 32

Convection

Answer 32

The type of heat transfer that occurs only in fluids, such as water and air

Question 33

Convection current

Answer 33

The flow creates a circular motion

Question 34

Radiation

Answer 34

The transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

Question 35

Conduction

Answer 35

Transfer heat from one particle of matter to another within an object or between two objects