chapter 10 energy

Question 1

a law that states that energy cannot be made or lost. However, energy can be transformed from one type to another or transferred from one object to another.

Answer 1

Law of Conservation of Energy

Question 2

energy stored due to the height of an object above a base level

Answer 2

gravitational potential energy

Question 3

potential energy derived from chemical reactions

Answer 3

chemical energy

Question 4

the potential energy stored in a stretched elastic material

Answer 4

elastic potential energy

Question 5

the energy stored at the centre of atoms, the tiny particles that make up all substances. Nuclear energy can be released from the radioactive metals uranium or plutonium, and transformed into electrical energy in a nuclear power station.

Answer 5

nuclear energy

Question 6

transfer of heat through collisions between particles

Answer 6

conduction

Question 7

a material that is a poor conductor of heat

Answer 7

insulators

Question 8

transfer of heat through the flow of particles

Answer 8

convection

Question 9

a method of heat transfer that does not require particles to transfer heat from one place to another

Answer 9

radiation

Question 10

heat transferred by radiation, as from the sun to the Earth

Answer 10

radiant heat

Question 11

bounced off

Answer 11

reflected

Question 12

passed through something, such as light or sound passing through air

Answer 12

transmitted

Question 13

tacken in

Answer 13

absorbed

Question 14

describes plants that lose their leaves during autumn and winter

Answer 14

deciduous

Question 15

releasing its own light

Answer 15

luminous

Question 16

describes objects that emit light when they are hot

Answer 16

incandescent

Question 17

describes living things that release light energy

Answer 17

bioluminescent

Question 18

describes objects that do not emit their own light, but can be seen by reflected light

Answer 18

non-luminous

Question 19

describes light sent in many directions by small particles within a substance

Answer 19

scattered

Question 20

different colours that combine to make up white light; they are separated in rainbows

Answer 20

visible spectrum

Question 21

separation of the colours that make up white light. Each colour is bent differently when it enters or leaves a glass prism.

Answer 21

dispersion

Question 22

the radiant energy such as radio waves, infrared, visible light, X-rays and gamma rays released by magnetic or electric fields

Answer 22

electromagnetic radiation

Question 23

complete range of wavelengths of energy radiated as electric and magnetic fields

Answer 23

electromagnetic spectrum

Question 24

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 24

radio waves

Question 25

low energy electromagnetic waves with a much lower frequency and longer wavelength than visible light

Answer 25

infra-red radiation

Question 26

invisible radiation similar to light but with a slightly higher frequency and more energy

Answer 26

ultraviolet radiation

Question 27

high energy electromagnetic waves that can be transmitted through solids and provide information about their structure

Answer 27

X-rays

Question 28

high energy electromagnetic radiation produced during nuclear reaction

Answer 28

gamma rays

Question 29

repeated fast, back-and-forth movements

Answer 29

vibrations

Question 30

the process of pushing a material into itself

Answer 30

compression

Question 31

in sound waves, the layers of air particles that are spread apart (between compressions)

Answer 31

rarefactions

Question 32

vibrations of particles in the air

Answer 32

sound waves

Question 33

number of vibrations in one second, or the number of wavelengths passing in one second

Answer 33

frequency

Question 34

unit of frequency; its abbreviation is Hz. One hertz is equal to one vibration every second.

Answer 34

hertz

Question 35

the highness or lowness of a sound. The pitch that you hear depends on the frequency of the vibrating air.

Answer 35

pitch

Question 36

distance between two neighbouring crests or troughs of a wave. This is the distance between two particles vibrating in step.

Answer 36

wavelength

Question 37

maximum distance that a particle moves away from its undisturbed position

Answer 37

amplitude

Question 38

longer-lasting sound caused by repeated reflection from hard surfaces

Answer 38

reverberation