Chapter 10: Effective aid programs and Australia’s aid

Question 1

What is emergency aid and its purpose?

Answer 1

Emergency aid refers to short-term aid provided after an emergency or crisis.
- To reduce the prevalence of injuries, diseases, and deaths occurring from the emergency, promote health and wellbeing, and address the needs of those affected by the emergency.

Question 2

What are the characteristics of emergency aid?

Answer 2

• Provided for a short period of time
• Provided rapidly after an emergency
• Involves the provision of basic necessities
• Implemented after an emergency or crisis

Question 3

What is bilateral aid and its purpose?

Answer 3

Bilateral aid refers to the government of one country directly providing aid to the government of another country.
- To improve health status outcomes and health and wellbeing and meet the needs of individuals in an ongoing and sustainable way.

Question 4

What are the characteristics of bilateral aid?

Answer 4

• Provided for a longer period of time
• Aims to be sustainable in the long term
• Provides resources other than basic necessities, such as financial assistance

Question 5

What is multilateral aid and its purpose?

Answer 5

Multilateral aid is provided through an international organisation, such as the United Nations, which is supported by the governments of multiple countries and other organisations to address global issues and large scale projects.
- To address global issues and large scale projects, such as global warming, war, and food security, and prevent disease and deaths.

Question 6

What are the characteristics of multilateral aid?

Answer 6

• Addresses large-scale issues
• Provided for a longer period of time
• Provided in a sustainable way
• Involves collaboration through many countries and organisations and is provided by an international organisation

Question 7

What is the Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT)?

Answer 7

Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT) is part of the Australian Government and is involved in supporting Australia’s security and economy by promoting international aid interests.

Question 8

What is the ‘whole of government’?

Answer 8

The ‘whole of government’ refers to two or more sections of the Australian government working together to provide aid internationally

Question 9

What are examples of the whole of government?

Answer 9

• The Australian Federal Police (AFP) works with DFAT to develop, establish, and monitor the peace, stability, and security in countries mainly from the Indo-Pacific region.
• The Australian government’s DFAT also works with The Australian Centre for International Agriculture Research to improve the agricultural sector by enhancing the productivity and profitability of this district.

Question 10

What is the ‘private sector’?

Answer 10

The private sector refers to the areas of an economy
controlled by corporations that operate separately to a nation’s government.

Question 11

What are examples of the private sector?

Answer 11

• DFAT using their existing partnerships with many private sector companies to support economic relief and stability in the wake of COVID-19.

Question 12

What are ‘bilateral partnerships’?

Answer 12

Bilateral partnerships involve the government of a country working with and collaborating with the government of another country, in this circumstance to provide aid to a country, issue, or cause.

Question 13

What are examples of bilateral partnerships?

Answer 13

• The Australian Government and the Republic of Singapore’s government are working together to promote sustainable economic growth and reduce poverty in the Indo-Pacific region. This partnership enables both countries to provide efficient and effective developmental and technical assistive programs.
• Australia has partnered with New Zealand to consolidate development assistance strategies to countries within the Pacific region. This Partnership for Development Cooperation is working towards reaching the Sustainable Development Goals for the Pacific zone.

Question 14

What are ‘multilateral organisations’?

Answer 14

Partnerships with multilateral organisations, such as the World Health Organisation and United Nations, facilitate the Australian government in extending the aid they provide. By working together in these partnerships with multilateral organisations, resources and leverage can be combined to allow Australia to tackle greater projects and provide aid on a greater scale.

Question 15

What are examples of partnerships with multilateral organisations?

Answer 15

• The Global Green Growth Institute is supported by funding from the Australian government, DFAT, which assists in the institute’s aim of achieving the SDGs.
• One of the United Nations biggest developmental organisations, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), is supported by DFAT. This multilateral partnership has been focusing on preparing and recovering from the COVID-19 pandemic.

Question 16

What are ‘non-government organisations’?

Answer 16

Non-government organisations (NGOs) are organisations that are developed, implemented, and funded by people or communities outside the government.

Question 17

What are examples of non-government organisations?

Answer 17

• DFAT works with CARE Australia to eliminate global poverty by focusing on supporting women in their communities, particularly by promoting education for these women to lead to a better quality of life and be lifted out of poverty.
• Oxfam Australia partners with DFAT to promote social justice and works to lower poverty. This is done by providing training to volunteering health workers, building clean water supply systems and campaigning for exploitation of children to be eradicated.

Question 18

What are non-government organisation aid?

Answer 18

Non-government organisation (NGO) aid refers to aid provided by a non-government organisation, meaning it is given independently from the government, and often is community-focused and delivers expertise in poverty reduction.

Question 19

What is the purpose of ‘World Vision’?

Answer 19

• Empowering communities with skills, knowledge, and resources to encourage them to be self-reliant in lifting themselves out of poverty.
• Working with people of all cultures and genders to develop goals towards social justice by emphasising personal growth.

Question 20

What are examples of the work of World Vision?

Answer 20

• Supports children through programs related to education about nutrition, building materials, and training for teenagers in carpentry, agriculture, and mechanics.
• Building wells and clean water systems in low- and middle-income countries for safe water consumption.
• Promoting education and increasing the skills and knowledge of young females so they can learn to read, write, or sew and make craft goods so they can earn an income.

Question 21

How does World Vision link to health outcomes and human development?

Answer 21

• These programs can decrease the risk of children becoming malnourished and therefore being well enough to attend school, increasing their ability to form meaningful and satisfying relationships with their peers, therefore improving their social health and wellbeing.
• Safe water reduces the risk of developing waterborne diseases, such as cholera, hence preventing morbidity, and improving health status globally.
• By helping women to earn an income, these women can increase their access to a decent standard of living and lift themselves out of poverty, which helps to break the poverty cycle and therefore promotes human development.

Question 22

What are the features of effective aid program?

Answer 22

• partnerships
• focus on results
• transparency and shared responsibility
• ownership by recipient country

Question 23

Provide a description of effective aid: partnerships

Answer 23

To be effective, aid programs need to have strong partnerships built between all stakeholders. To be strong, these partnerships must be built upon trust and respect and must involve all stakeholders working towards a common goal. This can include partnerships between:
* The government of the country providing aid and the government of the country receiving aid.
* International organisations providing aid and the government of the country receiving aid.
* The local community with their government and the body providing aid
* Other stakeholders that may assist in providing aid, such as external organisations.

Question 24

Provide a description of effective aid: focus on results

Answer 24

A focus on results involves a continuous evaluation as to whether a program is effective in meeting the outcomes it set out to achieve, and therefore as to whether it is fulfilling its purpose.

Question 25

Provide a description of effective aid: transparency

Answer 25

It is important that all stakeholders involved with an aid program are transparent so that everyone is on the same page, making it easier to work towards the one goal and avoid distrust and confusion. This can involve being transparent about, for example, the amount of money being provided to a community by an aid program, or the time estimation of a program’s aims being achieved.

Question 26

Provide a description of effective aid: ownership by recipient country

Answer 26

It is important to involve the government of the recipient country in these decisions as they will likely have the greatest awareness of the needs of their citizens, which may guide the targets of the aid program and increase the likelihood of it being effective. Ownership can also come from the members of a local community,

Question 27

What is ‘social action’?

Answer 27

Social action refers to action geared towards positive change which is powered by the coming together of individuals and communities, inspiring and driving change in the interest of their community or group.

Question 28

What are examples of social action?

Answer 28

• Protests, rallies, demonstrations
• Utilising one’s purchasing power for positive social change
• Petitions
• Donate or fundraise
• Volunteer
• Advocate and educate
• Boycotting
• Lobby governments

Question 29

What are the 5 Aus Aid programs?

Answer 29

• Pacific
• SouthEast Asia
• Humanitarian
• Expanding opportunities for everyone
• Building resilience: climate action and climate financing

Question 30

What are examples of ‘Pacific’?

Answer 30

• Australia is helping Samoa to build a skilled workforce through scholarships for citizens to study in Australian regions.
• Australia works to establish support systems that strengthen basic education in poverty areas.

Question 31

What are examples of ‘SouthEast Asia’?

Answer 31

• Australia has provided basic education to thousands of boys and girls in Myanmar (Burma) in 2022.
• Australia have given 1 million Cambodians access to clean piped water, providing improvements for hygiene and sanitation.

Question 32

What are examples of ‘humanitarian’?

Answer 32

• Following the 2023 earthquake in Turkey, Australia deployed an urban search and rescue them to conduct search and rescue activities.
• AUSMAT acts as a medical response team which helps PNG detect COVID-19 outbreaks.

Question 33

What are examples of ‘expanding opportunities for everyone’?

Answer 33

• Australia contributed, along with other donors, to help seven million children into schools in Afghanistan.
• Australia helped 330,000 poor children in Indonesia attend school by building more than 2000 schools and will help 330,000 more.
• Australia helped 462,000 if the very poorest Bangladeshi families with skills training, income support and basic healthcare.

Question 34

What are examples of ‘building resilience: climate action and climate financing’?

Answer 34

• Australia will support Indo-Pacific countries with the development of a range of renewable technologies.
• Australia partners with disasters ready program to ensure that children are more educated of climate change.