Chapter 10- Cultural assessment

Question 1

Cultural health assessments and related care should promote

Answer 1

health and healing

Question 2

Conducting cultural assessment is what 3 responsibilities

Answer 2

• Ethical, Moral and professional
  -create safe, culturally congruent environments (sensitive)

Question 3

culture

Answer 3

a shared, learned, and symbolic system of values, beliefs and attitudes that have and influence how people see and behave in the world

Question 4

What are the 2 types of culture characteristics?

Answer 4

1. Primary
2. Secondary

Question 5

Secondary characteristics of culture

Answer 5

Cultural values, religious beliefs, morals, occupation, socioeconomic status, immigration status, reasons for migration and health belief are what type of characteristics of culture

Question 5

Primary characteristics of culture

Answer 5

age, gender, nationality, & ethnicity are what type of characteristics of culture

Question 6

health

Answer 6

People’s cultural beliefs about this are important
-powerfully influence health practices

Question 7

Leninger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory

Answer 7

systematic assessment of individuals, families, and communities regarding their health beliefs and values
-“Active Listening”: Its important to let the pt respond

Question 8

Burnell’s Model of transcultural health care

Answer 8

As you understand yourself, you progress to learning about other cultures.
-Nursing model for cultural assessment and care

Question 9

Campinha-Bacote’s Model of Cultural Competence

Answer 9

Cultural awareness, cultural knowledge, cultural skill, cultural encounters, and cultural desire
-Nursing model for cultural assessment and care

Question 10

Giger and Davidhizar’s Model of Transcultural Nursing

Answer 10

Six areas of human differences and variation
-Nursing model for cultural assessment and care

Question 11

What are the 4 Nursing Models for Cultural Assessment and Care?

Answer 11

1. Leininger’s Cultural Care Diversity and Universality Theory/Model
2. Purnell’s Model of Transcultural Health Care
3. Campinha-Bacote’s Model of Cultural Competence
4. Giger and Davidhizar’s Model of Transcultural Nursing

Question 12

Cultural assessment

Answer 12

systematic assessment of individuals, families, and communities regarding their health beliefs and values
-People of different cultures have the right to receive cultural assessment.
-Gains knowledge about culture and cultures values on health care

Question 13

Specific aim of cultural assessment

Answer 13

-Provide an all-inclusive picture of patient’s culture-based health care needs
-Gaining knowledge about the patient’s cultural beliefs and practices (Food, eating rituals; daily personal hygiene rituals; sleeping habits)
-Compare culture care needs of specific person with those of similar cultural background
-Identify similarities/differences among cultural beliefs of patient, health care agency, nurse
-Generate holistic picture of patient care need: Develop, implement a culturally congruent nursing care plan

Question 14

Spirituality

Answer 14

pertains to matters of the human soul
-State of mind; state of being in the world; journey of self-discovery; a place outside the five senses

Question 14

Madeleine Leininger’s theory

Answer 14

Proposed essential areas of assessment
-Identifies relationship between cultural variables, health
-Promotes Active listening

Question 15

Cultural Health Beliefs and Practices

Answer 15

Assessment of patient health beliefs and practices
Each culture practices traditional values/beliefs about health, illness
-Food, nutrition practices (eat meat?)
-Pregnancy, childbirth
-Expressions of illness, pain (some people have an increased pain tolerance)
-Death and dying

Question 16

Spiritual and Religious belief and assessment

Answer 16

Integral part of religion or self-directed path
-May or may not have a religious base (Do they attend church regularly)
-Spiritual care within health care context: congruent with patient spiritual beliefs
-In many cultures: Church, religion play important roles and must be treated as such.
-Important to accommodate patient spiritual practices within care (Fosters physical, spiritual healing)

Question 17

Social Assessment of the individual

Answer 17

Primarily: informs nurse regarding patient’s physical, mental health
-Related to existing: resources; constraints; demands
-Data obtained via personal interviews
Essential to planning
-Long-term management of illness
-Evidence-based health promotion activities
Consider potential effects of culturally based practices on health.
-Must factor in available resources in home care

Question 17

Social Assessment

Answer 17

-Identifying social context influencing patterns of health and illness: Individuals; communities; societies
-some communities are more affluent that others
-lack of health care and insurance
-Basic variables: Gender; age; ethnicity; race; marital status; shelter; Occupational class; employment status; education level
-Integral to quality nursing care at every level
-Avoids making sweeping generalizations about; Individuals; communities: societies

Question 18

Social assessment of the community

Answer 18

-Broader, more complex
Gather data to identify.
-Community resources; constraints; high-priority health concerns
Assess various health indicators.
-Social; economic; environmental; quality-of-life (Relationship with community’s health concerns)
ONGOING ASSESSMENTS are essential!

Question 19

Techniques of Social assessment

Answer 19

-Interviews via focus groups, mailed surveys; analyzing situations and concerns
Framework examples
-Asset mapping: data organized into categories: Primary (ex primary care clinic that blends to and shares the values and mission of a national corporate health care system), secondary (agencies designed to serve the community with outside overreaching corporations that manage and operate these agencies), and potential building blocks (formal institutions in an area)
-Participatory action research approach
-Gordon theory for function
Community as Partner Assessment Model: mandates
-Community assessment, interventions include: Systematic evaluation to identify intervention effects

Question 20

Social Assessment at the Societal Level

Answer 20

Generate information about societal trends, relationships among social variables, prevalent health concerns.
Data collected
-Inform healthy public policy, broad health promotion initiatives
-Identify ecological risks, disaster preparedness, or posttraumatic stress
Diverse research methods
Data analyses: summary statistics; population stratification; variable associations; predictions