Chapter 10: Biomechanical Analysis Of Physical Skills

Question 1

• What is biomechanics?
• What is Knudsen and Morrison (2002) four stage model of qualitative analysis?
• What does force-motion principle state?
• What does force-time principle state?
• What does range of motion principle state?
• What is centre of mass?
• What 3 ways can you increase stability of the body?
• Define balance
• What does it mean when a body is in a state of equilibrium?
• Define dynamic balance
• Define static balance
• What is coordination?
• When is simultaneous and sequential segmental movements used?

Answer 1

• The study of human motion, the forces that produce that motion and the effects of those forces on and within the body.
  1. Preparation 2.Observation 3.Evaluation 4.Intervention (back 2)
• Unbalanced forces act on our bodies during movement and so a stationary person will have equal forces acting on him.
• Greater time which force is applied, the greater the resulting motion.
• Reduced range of motion is best for low forces, speed and high accuracy actions. Whereas greater range of motion is best for maximal efforts requiring speeds and force.
• The point of a body where all particles are evenly distributed.
• Increase base of support, lower centre of mass and increasing mass.
• Ability to retain the centre of mass above the base of support.
• All parts of the body is moving at the same constant velocity or where all parts are at rest.
• Ability to perform coordinated movements and maintain balance.
• Maintaining body position without moving
• The sequence and timing of body actions to create movement.
• Simultaneous when movement require high force and sequential when low force and high speed.

Question 2

• Explain segmental interaction?
• What is the purpose of the follow through?
• The path of the centre of gravity of a body or object at the moment of take-off is determined by what three factors?
• What 4 factors will increase the force generated for a longer distance an object to travel.
• What is the advantages of top spin?
• How does force-motion apply in a block start?
• How does inertia apply in a block start?
• How does balance apply in a block start?
• What are the 9 key bio-mechanical principles?

Answer 2

• When energy is transferred across body segments and joints. Movement starts with the largest, strongest and slowest segments to generate the greatest amount of momentum to the smallest and fastest segments.
• Ensure no deceleration of final segment of equipment.
• Velocity(vertical and horizontal), angle and height of release.
• Segmental interaction, length of run-up, range of motion, force produced over longer time (increase impulse).
• Make an object drop faster and decrease the distance it will travel.
• More force sprinter applies to the blocks, the greater his first step will be thus acceleration.
• Athlete applies force to the blocks to overcome their inertia.
• When the athlete leans forward, the line of gravity is closer to the base of support created by fingers. This position decreases the moment of inertia so only a small force is needed for a quicker start.
• Force-motion, Force-time, Inertia, Range of motion, Balance, Coordination continuum, Segmental interaction, Optimal projection and Spin

Question 3

• If the line of action does not pass through the centre of gravity, the force acting upon it is called what?
• What are the 3 key concepts relating to the principle of balance?
• What are the 3 phases of equilibrium?
• What is dynamic and static balance?

Answer 3

• Eccentric force.
• Gravity, equilibrium and stability
• Stable, neutral and unstable.
• Ability to perform coordinated movements and maintain balance. Whereas static balance involves maintaining body position without moving.